Title Page
ABSTARCT
Contents
ABBREVIATIONS 14
Chapter I: Introduction 17
I.1. Rationales 18
I.2. Legal issues 21
I.3. Study Objectives 22
I.4. Scopes and Limitations of Study 23
I.5. Research Methodology 24
Chapter II: General Aspects of Decision- Making Mechanisms in International Organizations and its practices 25
II.1. Nature of Decision-Making in International Organizations 25
II.2. The Legal basis of Decision-Making and its essence in International Organizations 26
II.3. Decision-Making Mechanisms in International Organizations and its Historical Developments 28
II.3.1. Consensus 29
II.3.2. Voting Power 35
II.3.3. An Appraisal of Decision-Making Mechanisms in the Contemporary International Organizations 50
Chapter III: Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Institutional Structure and Decision-Making Mechanisms 52
III.1. The General Background of ASEAN 52
III.2. ASEAN after the Adoption of Charter 2007 54
III.2.1. ASEAN Decision-making and Implementing Bodies 60
III.2.2. ASEAN Decision-Making Mechanisms 66
III.3. Criticisms of ASEAN Decision-Making Mechanism 73
III.3.1. The "ASEAN Way": Javanese Village practices of musyawarah and mufakat 74
III.3.2. The Unclear of ASEAN Summit Decision-Making Mechanism 76
III.4. Sources of conflict in ASEAN Decision Making Mechanisms 79
III.4.1. ASEAN Way: Principle of Non-Interference 79
III.4.2. Enlargement: Diversity among the ASEAN Member States 80
III.4.3. ASEAN States Behaviors 81
III.4.4. Chairship System 81
III.4.5. ASEAN Dialogue and External Partner (ADEP) 82
III.5. Case Examination and Analysis on the effectiveness of ASEAN Decision-Making Mechanisms 83
III.5.1. Territorial Disputes in South China Sea 83
III.5.2. ASEAN Charter 2007 86
III.5.3. Human Rights in Myanmar 88
III.5.4. ASEAN Free Trade Area 90
III.5.5. Conclusion 92
Chapter IV: European Union (EU) Institutional Structure and Decision-Making Mechanisms 93
IV.1. The General Background of EU 93
IV.2. The Institutional Design of EU under the Hybridity of Intergovernmental and Supranational elements 95
IV.2.1. Supranational features 95
IV.2.2. Intergovernmental features 96
IV.3. A Concise on the Evolution of EU Treaties on the European Integration Process before the Lisbon Treaty 98
IV.3.1. Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community 1951 98
IV.3.2. Treaties of Rome: EEC and EURATOM treaties 1957 100
IV.3.4. Single European Act 1957 101
IV.3.4. Treaty of Maastricht 1992 to Treaty of Nice 2001: the Roadmap of 'Three-Pillar' structure of EU 102
IV.3.5. Treaty of Lisbon 2007: the Abolition of the 'Three-Pillar' Structure of EU 103
IV.4. The Community Method: The EU three-pillar structure 105
IV.4.1. The three-pillar characteristics 107
IV.5. Fundamental Principles of EU Decision-Making 108
IV.5.1. Principle of Conferral 109
IV.5.2. Principle of Subsidiarity 109
IV.5.3. Principle of Proportionality 111
IV.6. The EU Decision-making and Implementing bodies under the Hybridity of the Intergovernmental and Supranational elements 113
IV.6.1. The European Commission 114
IV.6.2. The Council of European Union 115
IV.6.3. The European Parliament 116
IV.6.4. The European Council 117
IV.7. The EU Decision-making Mechanisms under the Hybridity of the Intergovernmental and Supranational elements 118
IV.7.1. Qualified Majority Voting in the Council and Unanimity of European Union 118
IV.7.2. Co-decision procedure between the Council of European Union and European Parliament 128
Chapter V: Proposals for the Reformation of ASEAN Decision-Making Mechanisms towards AEC and ASCC 2025 129
V.1. The Exhausted Consensus and the Move to QMV 130
V.2. Opting the Supranational element 135
V.3. The Frequency of ASEAN Summit 139
V.4. The extension of "ASEAN Minus X" towards ASCC 140
Conclusion 142
References 145
Table 3.1: Comparison of recommendations between EPG and HLTF 56
Table 3.2: Ratification of the ASEAN Charter 59
Table 3.3: List of ASEAN Dialogue and External Partner 82
Table 4.1: Policy areas under the QMV after Treaty of Lisbon 104
Table 4.2: The allocation of votes for QMV before its abandon 123
Table 4.3: Voting Calculator of the QMV after November 1, 2014 125
Figure. 2.1: A Qualified Majority Voting Calculation in EU Council 48
Figure. 4.1: A three-pillar structure of EU 105
Figure. 4.2: The interaction of the three independent institutions of EU 113