Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 20
1.1. RATIONALS: WHY I CHOOSE THIS TOPIC? 20
1.2. EXPLANAITON OF ISSUES OR CRITICAL ANALYSIS 23
1.2.1. IMPACT ON STATE SOVEREIGNTY 25
1.2.2. TRANSPARENCY AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 30
1.3. AIMS AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY 31
1.4. DELIMITATION AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 33
1.5. METHODOLOGY 34
1.6. STRUCTURE OF DISSERTATION 35
CHAPTER TWO: THE NOTION AND GENERAL CONCEPT OF INVESTOR-STATE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT (ISDS) AND TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP (TPP) 39
2.1. INVESTOR-STATE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT (ISDS) 39
2.1.1. BASIS AND KEY TERM 39
2.1.2. THE EVOLUTION OF THE INVESTOR-STATE DISPUTE SETTLMENT MECHANISM: FROM DIPLOMATIC PROTECTION TO BITS AND MORE 47
2.1.3. NATIONAL TREATEMENT (NT) 53
2.1.4. MOST-FAVOURED-NATION (MFN) 55
2.1.5. UMBRELLA CLAUSES 56
2.1.6. EXPROPRIATION 59
2.1.7. FAIR AND EQUITABLE TREATMENT 62
2.2. TRANS-PACIFIF PARTNERSHIP (TPP) 67
2.2.1. KEY TERM 67
CHAPTER THREE: TPP AND LESSONS LEARNED FROM NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (NAFTA): INVESTOR-STATE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISMS FOR COMPENSASTION AND EXPRORPRIATION UNDER NAFTA 89
3.1. AN ANALYSIS FROM THE MECHANISM OF TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP (TPP) 89
3.1.1. THE INVESTOR-STATE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISM AND PROCESS 89
3.1.2. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE TPP INVESTOR-STATE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCESS AND PROCEDURE 91
3.1.3. ISDS MECHANISM IN THE TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT 103
3.1.4. EXCEPTION AND CARVE-OUT 106
3.2. AN ANALYSIS FROM THE MECHANISM OF NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (NAFTA) 118
3.2.1. GENERAL OVERVIEW OF NAFTA 118
3.2.2. NAFTA: FROM SWEET TO SOUR 120
3.2.3. REMARKABLE FEATHERS OF CHAPTER 11 OF NAFTA AND THE ROLE OF THE UNITED STATES WITH INVESTOR-STATE DISPUTE SETTLMENT (ISDS) 127
3.2.4. MECHANISMS UNDER NAFTA 133
3.2.5. REMARKABLE CASES OF NAFTA UNDER CHAPTER 11 145
3.2.6. SUBSTANTIVES SAFEGUARDS IN PLACE AND NEEDED REFORM 148
3.2.7. WHAT IS NEXT FOR ISDS IN NAFTA, FUTURE AGREEMENT? 151
3.2.8. THE NEED FOR DESIGNING AN APPELLATE MECHANISM 153
CHAPTER FOUR: TPP AND LESSONS LEARNED FROM INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SETTLEMENT OF INVESTMENT DISPUTE (ICSID): INVESTOR-STATE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISMS FOR COMPENSASTION AND EXPRORPRIATION UNDER ICSID 155
4.1. GENERAL OVERVIEW OF ICSID 155
4.2. THE NEED FOR DESIGNING AN APPELLATE MECHANISM 159
4.3. ICSID ANNULMENT MECHANISM 162
4.4. INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT UNDER ICSID MECHANISM IN ASIA 167
4.4.1. INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT IN ASIA 169
4.4.2. INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT UNDER ICSID IN ASIA 170
4.5. INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT DISPUTES SETTLEMENT UNDER ICSID MECHANISM IN SOME ASIAN COUNTRIES 172
4.5.1. IN REGARDS TO ICSID JURISDICTION AND THE ROLES OF BITS 172
4.5.2. IN REGRDS TO "ILEGAL EXPROPRIATION" 173
4.5.3. IN REGARDS TO DEFINITIONS OF "INVESTMENT" AND "INVESTOR" IN BROAD TERMS 175
4.5.4. IN REGARDS TO "FAIR AND EQITABLE TREATMENT" 179
4.6. THE AMPHOTERIC CHARACTERISTIC OF ICSID ARBITRATION 180
4.7. EVALUATION ON THE EFFICIENCY OF DISPUTE SETTLEMENT UNDER ICSID IN ASIA AND LESSONS FOR VIETNAM 181
4.7.1. LESSONS FOR THE VIETNAMESE GOVERNMENT 182
4.7.2. LESSONS FOR THE VIETNAMESE INVESTORS 192
CHAPTER FIVE: THE QUEST FOR A WORKABLE ROADMAP FOR IVESTOR-STATE DISPUTE SETTLMENT (ISDS) MECHANISM 196
5.1. BRIEF DESCRIPTION 196
5.2. INVESTOR-STATE DISPUTE SETTLMENT MECHANISM: DELINEATING A WORKABLE ROADMAP FOR THE FUTURE 196
CHAPTER SIX: PROPOSAL FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF TPP: LESSSONS LEARNED AND LESSONS TO BE LEARNED FOR ASEAN AND DEVELOPING COUNTRY 200
6.1. INVESTOR- STATE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT (ISDS) 201
6.2. SAFEGUARDS AND PROCEDURAL SAFEGUARDS 206
6.3. PUBPLIC POLICY REGULATION 209
6.4. MINIMUM STANDARD OF TREATMENT: FAIR AND EQUTIABLE TREATMENT (FET) 211
6.5. NATIOANL TREATMENT AND MOST-FAVOURED NATION 212
6.6. EXPROPRIATION AND COMPENSATION 213
6.7. PROPOSAL 215
CHAPTER SEVEN: CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION 224
7.1. CONCLUSIVE REMARKS 224
7.2. RECOMMENDATION 225
REFERENCE 227