Title Page
Contents
Abstract 8
1. Introduction 9
1.1. Background of the study 9
1.2. History of the study 9
1.3. Rationale for the study 12
1.4. Objective of the study 13
1.5. EBFM 14
1.6. Coastal ecosystem 15
2. Materials and Methods 17
2.1. Material 17
2.1.1. Study area and data source 17
2.2. Method 20
2.2.1. Assessment for Algerian coastal ecosystem fishery by the Tier 02 analysis. 25
2.2.2. Target and limit reference points to conduct the risk assessment 31
2.2.3. Target and limit reference point for indicators of sustainability 32
2.2.4. Target and limit reference points for indicators of biodiversity 33
2.2.5. Target and limit reference points for indicators of habitat quality 33
2.2.6. Target and limit reference points for indicators of socio-economic benefits 34
3. Results 35
3.1. Assessment of risk scores to each indicator of Algerian coastal ecosystem 35
3.2. Assessment of objectives risks indices ORIs by Tier 2 approach 36
3.2.1. Objective risk indices (ORI's) assessment by Tier 02 approach for 09 assessed species caught by trawl 37
3.2.2. Objective risk indices (ORI's) assessment by Tier 02 approach for 05 assessed species caught by purse seine 40
3.2.3. Objective risk indices (ORI's) assessment by Tier 02 approach for seven assessed species caught by small scale-fisheries 42
3.2.4. Number of species by risk zones for four objectives 45
3.3. Assessment of species risks indices (SRIs) of each fishery assessed by Tier 2 approach 46
3.3.1. Species risk indices (SRI's) assessment by Tier 02 approach for nine assessed species caught by trawl 47
3.3.2. Species risk indices (SRI's) assessment by Tier 02 approach for five assessed species caught by purse seine 47
3.3.3. Species risk indices (ORI's) assessment by Tier 02 approach for seven assessed species caught by small scale-fisheries 48
3.4. Evaluation of Algerian coastal fisheries and ecosystem indices based on estimated fisheries risk indices and ecosystem risk index 50
4. Discussion 53
5. References 57
Appendix 60
Appendix 1. Target and limit reference points for indicators of sustainability in the Tier 2 EBFA. 60
Appendix 2. Target and limit reference points for indicators of biodiversity in the Tier 2 EBFA. 64
Appendix 3. Target and limit reference points for indicators of habitat quality in the Tier 2 EBFA 65
Appendix 4. Target and limit reference points for indicators of socio-economic benefits in the Tier 2 EBFA. 67
Appendix 5. Risk scores for sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quality, and socioeconomic indicators of bogue Boops boops . Of trawl fishery by Tier 02 approach. 69
Appendix 6. Risk scores for sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quality, and socioeconomic indicators of Mullus barbatus. Of trawl fishery by Tier 02 approach. 70
Appendix 7. Risk scores for sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quality, and socioeconomic indicators of Octopus vulgaris. Of trawl fishery by Tier 02 approach. 71
Appendix 8. Risk scores for sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quality, and socioeconomic indicators of Pagellus acarne. Of trawl fishery by Tier 02 approach. 72
Appendix 9. Risk scores for sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quality, and socioeconomic indicators of Pagellus bogaraveo. Of trawl fishery by Tier 02 approach. 73
Appendix 10. Risk scores for sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quality, and socioeconomic indicators of Pagellus erythrinus. Of trawl fishery by Tier 02 approach. 74
Appendix 11. Risk scores for sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quality, and socioeconomic indicators of Sardina pilchardus. Of trawl fishery by Tier 02 approach. 75
Appendix 12. Risk scores for sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quality, and socioeconomic indicators of Sepia officinalis. Of trawl fishery by Tier 02 approach. 76
Appendix 13. Risk scores for sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quality, and socioeconomic indicators of Trachurus spp. Of trawl fishery by Tier 02 approach. 77
Appendix 14. Risk scores for sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quality, and socioeconomic indicators of Sardina pilchardus. Of purse seine fishery by Tier 02 approach. 78
Appendix 15. Risk scores for sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quality, and socioeconomic indicators of Sardinella aurita. Of purse seine fishery by Tier 02 approach. 79
Appendix 16. Risk scores for sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quality, and socioeconomic indicators of Trachurus spp. Of purse seine fishery by Tier 02 approach. 80
Appendix 17. Risk scores for sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quality, and socioeconomic indicators of Boops boops. Of purse seine fishery by Tier 02 approach. 81
Appendix 18. Risk scores for sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quality, and socioeconomic indicators of Engraulis encrasicolus. Of purse seine fishery by Tier 02 approach. 82
Appendix 19. Risk scores for sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quality, and socioeconomic indicators of Mullus barbatus. Of small-scale fishery by Tier 02 approach 83
Appendix 20. Risk scores for sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quality, and socioeconomic indicators of Octopus vulgaris. Of small-scale fishery by Tier 02 approach. 84
Appendix 21. Risk scores for sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quality, and socioeconomic indicators of Pagellus acarne. Of small-scale fishery by Tier 02 approach. 85
Appendix 22. Risk scores for sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quality, and socioeconomic indicators of Pagellus bogaraveo. Of small-scale fishery by Tier 02 approach. 86
Appendix 23. Risk scores for sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quality, and socioeconomic indicators of Pagellus erythrinus. Of small-scale fishery by Tier 02 approach. 87
Appendix 24. Risk scores for sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quality, and socioeconomic indicators of Sepia officinalis. Of small-scale fishery by Tier 02 approach. 88
Appendix 25. Risk scores for sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quality, and socioeconomic indicators of Xiphias gladius. Of small-scale fishery by Tier 02 approach. 89
Appendix 26. number of vessels by fishery from 2005 to 2014 89
Appendix 27. Example of questionnaire survey form 90
Table 1. Total catch by fishery in Algeria from 2005 to 2014 13
Table 2. Target assessed species by type of fishery in Algerian coastal ecosystem 17
Table 3. Annual catch by species for trawl (ton) 18
Table 4. Annual catch by species for purse seine (ton) 18
Table 5. Annual catch by species for small-scale (ton) 19
Table 6. questionnaire for risk analysis 21
Table 7. Objectives, full indicators, selected indicators and factors weight to assess Algerian coastal ecosystem by Tier 02 approach 26
Table 8. Relevant categories of the questionnaire for assessing indicators of sustainability... 32
Table 9. Relevant categories of the questionnaire for assessing indicators of biodiversity of... 33
Table 10. Relevant categories of the questionnaire for assessing indicators of habitat quality... 34
Table 11. Relevant categories of the questionnaire for assessing indicators of socio-... 34
Table 12. Risk zone by number of indicators, by four objectives in Algerian coastal... 36
Table 13. Objectives risk average to each species caught by trawl 38
Table 14. Objectives average to each species caught by purse seine 41
Table 15. Objectives average to each species in small-scale fishery 44
Table 16. Number of species by risk zones for four objectives in the Algerian coastal... 46
Table 17. Species risk index (SRI), standard deviation of SRI, Fishery risk index (FRI), and... 49
Table 18. Fishery risk index (FRI), and ecosystem risk index (ERI) for the Algerian coastal... 51
Figure 1. Trend of total marine catch from 1970 to 2013 11
Figure 2. Nested structure of risk indices used in the ecosystem-based fisheries assessment... 29
Figure 3. Relative positions of objective risk indices (ORI), for the nine species in the trawl... 39
Figure 4. Relative positions of objective risk indices (ORI) for the five species in the purse... 42
Figure 5. Relative positions of objective risk indices (ORI) for the seven species in the... 45
Figure 6. Mean SRIs by assessed species. 50
Figure 7. Box plot of FRI by trawl, purse seine, and small-scale fisheries. 52