Title Page
Contents
Abstract 9
Introduction 11
Materials and Methods 15
Bacterial Strain and Culture 15
Seaweed Extract Preparation 15
Disc Diffusion Assay 19
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Assay 21
Checkerboard Microdilution Assay 22
Results 24
Antibacterial activity of Ecklonia cava extract 24
Determination of E. cava Minimum Inhibitory Concentration 27
Antibiotics Resistance Assay 29
Oxytetracycline and Erythromycin MIC Assay 31
Synergism of E. cava EtOAc extract with Oxytetracycline and Erythromycin against S. parauberis 33
Discussion 36
Conclusion 42
References 43
Table 1. Bacterial samples used in this study were isolated from olive... 16
Table 2. Seaweed species used in the study and suspended extract in disc... 17
Table 3. Antibiotics used for antibacterial susceptibility test against... 20
Table 4. Disc diffusion assay of seaweeds extract against Streptococcus parauberis 25
Table 5. Disc diffusion assay of methanol extract and its solvent-soluble extracts from Ecklonia cava... 26
Table 6. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the methanol extract and its soluble fractions from... 28
Table 7. Antibiotic resistance assay against Streptococcus parauberis strains 30
Table 8. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oxytetracycline and... 32
Table 9. Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index of EtOAc fraction of Ecklonia cava in... 34
Table 10. Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index of EtOAc fraction of Ecklonia cava in... 35
Figure 1. Schematic diagram for solvent-soluble fractionation using... 18
Figure 2. Checkerboard analysis on the combination of Ecklonia cava... 23