Title Page
Contents
List of Acronyms 7
Abstract 13
I. Introduction 16
1.1. Research background 19
1.2. Research objectives 21
1.3. Research necessity 23
II. Overview of the Southern Gulf of Guinea fishery 24
2.1. Literature review 24
2.1.1. Angolan fisheries 29
2.1.2. Congolese fisheries 40
III. Theoretical approaches of single species and multiple fishing gears 51
3.1. Data collected 51
3.2. Methodology 54
3.2.1. Standardization of fishing effort 55
3.2.2. Clarke, Yoshimoto, and Pooley Model (CYP) (1992): MSY Estimation 60
3.2.3. CYP Bioeconomic Model: Maximum Economic Yield (MEY) 63
3.2.4. Allocation rule 67
IV. Results and discussions 70
4.1. Data analysis 70
4.1.1. Catches and catch rate of sardinella and target gear types 70
4.1.2. Economic parameters estimates for sardinella 73
4.2. Analysis of results 76
4.2.1. Standardized fishing effort 76
4.2.2. CYP Model: estimations of CPUE∞ and q/r 84
4.2.3. Estimates of MSY (CMSY) and EMSY(이미지참조) 85
4.2.4. Estimates of MEY and EMEY(이미지참조) 88
4.2.5. Estimates of NR at the level of MSY 91
4.2.6. Scenario of NR allocation between nations based on area catch level 92
V. Policy Implications and Conclusions 95
5.1. Consideration of transboundary spaces 95
5.2. Implications of bioeconomic analysis 96
5.2.1. Sardinella fisheries evaluation 96
5.2.2. The MEY of the Southern Gulf of Guinea sardinella fishery 97
5.3. Recommendations for sardinella fisheries management system 100
References 103
Table 1. Trend of sardinella catch (MT) and fishing effort (number of... 53
Table 2. Catch and catch rate of sardinella caught by each gear type (1992~2012) 72
Table 3a. Angola total vessels (TV), fishing cost, producer price for target... 74
Table 3b. Congo total vessels (TV), fishing cost, producer price for target... 75
Table 4. Economic parameters' estimates of sardinella caught by artisanal,... 76
Table 5. Coefficients' estimates and statistic outputs 78
Table 6a. The observed actual data and estimates of GLM (1992~2012) 81
Table 6b. The observed actual data and estimates of GLM (1992~2012) 82
Table 7a. Average rate of fishing efforts of the three gears for sardinella... 83
Table 7b. Average rate of fishing efforts of the three gears for sardinella... 83
Table 8. Statistic results of CYP model 85
Table 9. TR, TC and NR of Angola and Congo at MSY 91
Table 10. Area catch rates of Congo and Angola for the period 1992-2012.... 92
Table 11. A comparison change in four scenarios (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 per cent)... 94
Figure 1. Map of Southern Gulf of Guinea showing the four countries... 19
Figure 2. Maps of sea surface temperatures of Southern Gulf of Guinea from... 28
Figure 3. Trend of sardinella catch for artisanal, purse seine and pelagic trawl from... 33
Figure 4. Trend of CPUE for artisanal (a), purse seine and pelagic trawl (b) from... 34
Figure 5. Trend of sardinella catch for artisanal and purse seine in Congo... 42
Figure 6. Trend of CPUE for artisanal (a) and purse seine (b) in Congo from 1992... 43
Figure 7. Observed and estimated CPUE of sardinella as function of year and gear... 79
Figure 8. Relationship of estimated fishing effort (E) and estimated sardinella... 84
Figure 9. Sustainable yield curve, MSY and EMSY for sardinella in the Gulf of...(이미지참조) 87
Figure 10. Total revenue, total cost and net revenue of the Gulf of Guinea artisanal,... 90