Title Page
Contents
I. Introduction 7
Methods and Materials 8
Technique 8
Image interpretation 10
Clinical Follow-up 11
II. Results 15
Anatomical around entry zone 15
Clinical outcome 16
Radiographic assessment 17
Complications 18
III. Discussions 19
Procedure and Complications 19
Clinical outcome 21
Radiographic assessment 21
Conclusion 21
IV. References 23
V. Abstracts 26
VI. 초록 27
Table 1. Summary of patient profile 16
Table 2. Outcomes 17
Table 3. Height and angular restoration in the lumbar vertebra and summary of results of previous studies 18
Figure 1. The needle agle can be calculated; θ1˚ = tan-1(b/a)×180/π = tan-1(b/a)×57.2957 θ2˚=tan-1[(b/2)×a]×57.2957;theθ1 for kyphoplasty and a some angle between θ1 and θ2 for... 12
Figure 2. Radiographs shows the fluoroscopic images of the bone enty point. The needle is anchored at the superolateral area of the padicle. A anteroposterior view (A) and a lateral view (B) 13
Figure 3. Cadaver dissection. 14