표제지
목차
I. 서론 11
II. 조사 및 연구방법 17
III. 본론 19
1. Propolis의 개념 19
1) 꿀벌의 Propolis수집 및 가공 19
2) 꿀벌의 Propolis할용 19
2. Propolis의 구성성분 20
3. Propolis이화학적 특성 20
4. Propolis의 기능(효능) 성 24
1) 항균 24
2) 항산화 26
3) 세포 활성과 조직재생 28
4) 항암과 항암제 부작용 경감 29
5) 방사선 부작용 감소 31
6) 유전자 손상방지 34
7) 심장혈관 강화 34
8) 면역증강 35
9) 간장보호 35
10) 항돌연변이 36
11) 항염증 38
12) 항궤양 38
13) 상승작용 39
14) 노화방지 39
15) 항박테리아 및 항바이러스 40
16) 항생작용 40
17) 진통효과 41
18) 치아(Dental) 보호 42
19) 질염증 치료 42
20) 역효과 43
5. Propolis의 관련연구 및 특허동향 44
1) 학위논문(75) 44
2) 국내 학술지(75) 46
3) 주요 특허동향(76) 50
6. Propolis관련법령의 개정연혁 50
1) 건강기능식품에 관한 법률(39) 50
2) 건강기능식품에 관한 법률 시행령(77) 51
3) 건강기능식품에 관한 법률 시행규칙(78) 52
4) 건강기능식품 표시기준(79) 52
5) 건강기능식품 이력추척 관리기준(80) 53
6) 건강기능식품 제형자율화에 따른 관련규정(81) 53
7. Propolis의 제조(판매) 업소·산업화 및 수입(검사) 현황 54
1) 건강기능식품 제조(판매) 업소 현황(2005-2007) (82) 54
2) 건강기능식품 시·도별 제조업소수(2007) (82) 56
3) 건강기능식품 수입업소 수(2007) (82) 57
4) 건강기능식품 판매업소 수(2007) (82) 58
5) 건강기능식품 품목(2007) (82) 59
6) 건강기능식품 GMP지정업소 수 -시도별(2005-2007) (82) 60
7) 건강기능식품 매출액 -품목유형별 :2007(82) 61
8) 건강기능식품 제조업소 행정처분 등 :2007(82) 62
9) 건강기능식품 기능성표시·광고 심의현황 -매체별 :2006-2007(82) 64
10) 건강기능식품 수입현황 -품목유형별, 기관별 :2007(82) 65
11) 수입 건강기능식품 검사현황 -기관별 :2007(82) 66
12) 상위 10개 국가 수입 건강기능식품 검사현황 :2007(82) 68
8. 국산 Propolis와 외국산 Propolis의 이용실태 69
1) 국산 Propolis 69
2) 외국산 Propolis 69
9. "건강기능식품공전"에 나타난 Propolis의 규격 70
10. Propolis제품 상품화 현황 77
1) 액상제품 77
2) 정제(캡슐) 및 원료 78
3) 화장품 및 생활용품 79
4) 기타 80
11. Propolis의 생산 및 추출방법 81
1) Propolis의 생산방법 81
2) Propolis추출방법 81
3) Propolis추출 방법별 성분차이 85
4) Propolis의 핵심성분(flovonoid) 분리기술 원리와 방법들 94
5) Propolis제품의 실태와 기술적 문제 95
12. Propolis의 향후 기술개발 방향 97
1) Propolis의 수집 장소의 다양화 97
2) 여과 방법의 개선 103
3) 농축방법의 개선 104
4) 제품의 고품질화 104
5) 제품의 다양화 105
IV. 결론 110
V. 요약 118
VI. Abstract 119
VII. 참고문헌 121
Table1. Chemical compounds assessed by GC/MS of alcohlic extracts from propolis samples collected different honeybee races 14
Table2. Chemical conmpounds isolated from propolis 21
Table3. Relative amounts of flavonoid in propolis 22
Table4. Antimutagenic effect of propolis samples in the S. typhyurium TA98 and TA100 without S9 fraction. 37
Table5. Number of health functional foods establi shments by businesstype (2005-2007) 55
Table6. Number of health functional foods manufactures by province(city) : 2007 56
Table7. Number of health functional foods importers by province (city) office : 200 57
Table8. Health functional foods sales establishments by province(city) : 2007 58
Table9. Health functional foods establishments : 2007 59
Table10. Number of Status of good manufacturing practice establishments of health functional foods province(city):2005-2007 60
Table11. Sales of Health functional foods byitem type : 2007 61
Table12. Administrative measures on health functional food 62
Table13. Sales of Health functional foods byitem type : 2007 64
Table14. Status of imported health functional foods by item type and institution : 2007 65
Table15. Inspection of imported Health functional foods byinstitution. : 2007 67
Table16. Status of imported Health functional foods - top ten countries:2007 68
Table17. The standards and specificatipns of propolis extractdescribed in for the Health functional food act of Korea 71
Table18. 총 플라보노이드 시험법 72
Table19. 파라(p) -쿠마르산(Coumaric acid) , 계피산(Cinamic acid) 확인 74
Table20. 디에틸렌글리콜 시험법 75
Table21. Propolis액상제품의 상품사진, 규격·특성 77
Table22. Propolis정제제품 및 원료 사진 78
Table23. Propolis화장품 및 생활용품 사진 79
Table24. Propolis를 활용한 기타상품 80
Table25. 발효주정(95%) 의 희석비율 84
Table26. Compararison of p-coumaric acid and ciamic acid contents in each propolis extract 90
Table27. Antimicroial activities for various extracts from domestic propolis against Salmonella typhimurium 92
Table28. Antimicroial activities for various extracts from domestic propolis against Staphylococcus aureus 93
Table29. Antimicroial activities for various extracts from domestic propolis against Listeria monocytogene 93
Table30. Antimicroial activities for various extracts from domestic propolis against Escherichia coil 94
Table31. Regional distribution of propolis samples collected in Korea and foreign countries. 98
Table32. Summany of antoxidant effects of 18 Korean propolis sample on DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical and lipid peroxidation 102
Fig.1. Chemical structure of phenolic compounds of Brazilian propolis (source:Shimizu,K.et al.,2004) 15
Fig.2. Major chemical constituents of Turkish propolis from different origin: 16
Fig.3. Molecular structure of cinnamic acid and its derivate. (source:일본프로폴리스식품규격기준-JHFA,2003 27
Fig.4. Comparison of mineral contents of liver between control group and propolis treated group.(source:Ji, Tae.Jeong.2006) 32
Fig.5. Comparison of mineral contents of liver between control group and propolis treated group.(source:Ji, Tae.Jeong.2006) 32
Fig.6. Reduction of liver MDA contents propolis samples in the CC14-treated mice. Mice were administrated with propolis samples (20mg B.W) or vehicle for days and followed by CC14 injection. After 18hours, the liver was collected and liver MDA contents qas measured by TBA reaction. All values represent the mean±SD of eight mouse.(**p<0.005,*p<0.05) 36
Fig.7. Effect of extraction condition (ethanol-waterration) on the dry matter yield of propolis. 86
Fig.8. Effect of extraction temperature on the dry matter yield of propolis. 87
Fig.9. Effect of temperature and extraction solvent (wateethanol ratio) on total polyphenol contents in propolis extracts. 88
Fig.10. Effect of temperature and extraction solvent (water-ethanol ratio) on total polyphenol contents in propolis extracts. 89
Fig.11. DPPHradical scavenging activity for various propolis extracts. was treated different concentration (0.01~0.1%) beside other treatments. 91
Fig.12. DPPHradical scavenging activity of Korean propolis samples. DPPH radical scavenging activity was measured spectrophotometrically by monititoring decrease in absorbance at 517nm. Concentration of each propolis was 20ug/ml. Each experiment was performed at least 3 times and data are expressed as average percent change from control 99
Fig.13. Superoxide anion radical scavenging activity of Korean propolis samples. Superoxide anion radical scavenging activity was measured spectrophotometrically by monitoring decrease in absorbance at 450nm-650nm. The concentration of each propolis was 100㎍/ml. Each experiment was performed at least 3 times and data are expressed as average percent change from control. 100
Fig.14. Lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity of Korean propolis samples. Lipid peroxidation in hibition activity was measured spectrophotometrically by monitoringdecrease in absorbance at 532nm. The concentration of each propolis was perfomed at least 3 times and data are expressed as average percent change from control. 101