표제지
감사의 글
(국문요지)
목차
I. 서론 9
1. 연구 배경 9
2. 연구 목적 10
II. 대상 및 연구 방법 13
1. 연구 대상 13
2. 연구 방법 13
가. 굴절이상의 교정 13
나. 노안가입도 검사 14
3. 연구 자료 처리 방법 16
III. 결과 및 고찰 18
1. 검사 대상자의 일반적 특성 18
2. 십자와 적록 조합 시표를 이용한 노안가입도 20
가. 잠정가입도와 최종가입도 사이의 신뢰도 비교 20
나. 측정 방법에 따른 잠정가입도 비교 26
다. 굴절이상에 따른 잠정가입도 비교 32
라. 연령에 따른 잠정가입도 비교 40
3. 십자시표의 배경색에 따른 노안가입도 48
가. 잠정가입도와 최종가입도 사이의 신뢰도 비교 50
나. 측정 방법에 따른 잠정가입도 비교 53
다. 굴절이상에 따른 잠정가입도 비교 59
라. 연령에 따른 잠정가입도 비교 65
4. 신뢰도가 높은 측정 방법들의 잠정가입도 비교 73
5. 연령과 성별에 따른 최종가입도 분포 76
IV. 결론 78
1. 십자와 적록 조합 시표를 이용한 노안가입도 78
2. 십자시표의 배경색에 따른 노안가입도 78
(Abstract) 80
References 82
Table 1. Distribution of all subjects according to sex and age 18
Table 2. Distribution of all subjects according to emmetropia and ametropia with age 19
Table 3. Means and standard deviation for each of tentative and final addition 20
Table 4. Comparison of mean difference and 95% limit of agreement for addition tests 21
Table 5. Mean and difference of the AdT(CG) and AdT(RG) method 26
Table 6. Mean and difference of the AdT(RG) and AdT(RGCG) method 28
Table 7. Mean and difference of the AdT(CG) and AdT(RGCG) method 30
Table 8. Means and SDs of tentative and final addition with ametropia 32
Table 9. Comparison of mean difference and 95% limit of agreement for tentative addition tests according to ametropia 34
Table 10. Means and SDs of tentative and final addition with age 40
Table 11. Comparison of mean difference and 95% limit of agreement for tentative addition tests according to age 42
Table 12. Distribution of all subjects according to age and sex 48
Table 13. Distribution of all subjects according to emmetropia and ametropia with 49
Table 14. Means and standard deviation for each of tentative and final addition according to background color 50
Table 15. Comparison of mean difference and 95% limit of agreement for addition tests according to background color 51
Table 16. Mean and difference of the AdT(WCG) and AdT(RCG) method 53
Table 17. Mean and difference of the AdT(WCG) and AdT(GCG) method 55
Table 18. Mean and difference of the AdT(WCG) and AdT(YCG) method 57
Table 19. Means and SDs of distribution of tentative and final addition with ametropia 59
Table 20. Comparison of mean difference and 95% limit of agreement for addition tests according to ametropia 60
Table 21. Means and SDs of distribution of tentative and final addition with age 65
Table 22. Comparison of mean difference and 95% limit of agreement for addition 67
Table 23. Means and standard deviation for each of tentative and final addition 73
Table 24. Comparison of mean difference and 95% limit of agreement for addition tests 74
Table 25. Means and SDs of distribution of tentative and final addition with age and sex 77
Fig. 1 Distribution chart of population. 9
Fig. 2 Prospect chart of population. 9
Fig. 3 Red-green cross-grid chart and red, green, yellow cross-grid chart. 16
Fig. 4 Distribution of emmetropia and ametropia with age. 19
Fig. 5 Difference between the tentative addition and the final addition (AdT(CG)- AdF) against the mean of both. The lines, respectively, indicate the upper and lower 95% limits of agreement. 23
Fig. 6 Difference between the tentative addition and the final addition (AdT(RG)- AdF) against the mean of both. The lines, respectively, indicate the upper and lower 95% limits of agreement. 24
Fig. 7 Difference between the tentative addition and the final addition (AdT(RGCG) - AdF) against the mean of both. The lines, respectively, indicate the upper and lower 95% limits of agreement. 25
Fig. 8 Comparison of distribution of AdT(CG) and AdT(RG). 27
Fig. 9 Comparison of distribution of AdT(RG) and AdT(RGCG). 29
Fig. 10 Comparison of distribution of AdT(CG) and AdT(RGCG). 31
Fig. 11 Difference between the tentative addition and the final addition (AdT - AdF) against the mean of both for emmetropia. The lines, respectively, indicate the upper and lower 95% limits of agreement. 36
Fig. 12 Difference between the tentative addition and the final addition (AdT - AdF) against the mean of both for myopia. The lines, respectively, indicate the upper and lower 95% limits of agreement. 37
Fig. 13 Difference between the tentative addition and the final addition (AdT - AdF) against the mean of both for hyperopia. The lines, respectively, indicate the upper and lower 95% limits of agreement. 38
Fig. 14 Difference between the tentative addition and the final addition (AdT - AdF) against the mean of both for mixed astigmatism. The lines, respectively, indicate the upper and lower 95% limits of agreement. 39
Fig. 15 Distribution of tentative and final addition with age. 41
Fig. 16 Difference between the tentative addition and the final addition (AdT - AdF) against the mean of both for 41 to 45 years. The lines, respectively, indicate the upper and lower 95% limits of agreement. 44
Fig. 17 Difference between the tentative addition and the final addition (AdT - AdF) against the mean of both for 46 to 50 years. The lines, respectively, indicate the upper and lower 95% limits of agreement. 45
Fig. 18 Difference between the tentative addition and the final addition (AdT - AdF) against the mean of both for 51 to 55 years. The lines, respectively, indicate the upper and lower 95% limits of agreement. 46
Fig. 19 Difference between the tentative addition and the final addition (AdT - AdF) against the mean of both for 56 to 60 years. The lines, respectively, indicate the upper and lower 95% limits of agreement. 47
Fig. 20. Distribution of emmetropia and ametropia with age. 49
Fig. 21. Difference between the tentative addition and the final addition (AdT - AdF) against the mean of both. The lines, respectively, indicate the upper and lower 95% limits of agreement. 52
Fig. 22. Comparison of distribution of AdT(WCG) and AdT(RCG). 54
Fig. 23. Comparison of distribution of AdT(WCG) and AdT(GCG). 56
Fig. 24. Comparison of distribution of AdT(WCG) and AdT(YCG). 58
Fig. 25. Difference between the tentative addition and the final addition (AdT - AdF) against the mean of both for emmetropia. The lines, respectively, indicate the upper and lower 95% limits of agreement. 62
Fig. 26. Difference between the tentative addition and the final addition (AdT - AdF) against the mean of both for myopia. The lines, respectively, indicate the upper and lower 95% limits of agreement. 63
Fig. 27. Difference between the tentative addition and the final addition (AdT - AdF) against the mean of both for hyperopia. The lines, respectively, indicate the upper and lower 95% limits of agreement. 64
Fig. 28. Distribution of tentative and final addition with age. 66
Fig. 29. Difference between the tentative addition and the final addition (AdT - AdF) against the mean of both for 41 to 45 years. The lines, respectively, indicate the upper and lower 95% limits of agreement. 69
Fig. 30. Difference between the tentative addition and the final addition (AdT - AdF) against the mean of both for 46 to 50 years. The lines, respectively, indicate the upper and lower 95% limits of agreement. 70
Fig. 31. Difference between the tentative addition and the final addition (AdT - AdF) against the mean of both for 51 to 55 years. The lines, respectively, indicate the upper and lower 95% limits of agreement. 71
Fig. 32. Difference between the tentative addition and the final addition (AdT - AdF) against the mean of both for 56 to 60 years. The lines, respectively, indicate the upper and lower 95% limits of agreement. 72
Fig. 33. Difference between the tentative addition and the final addition (AdT - AdF) against the mean of both. The lines, respectively, indicate the upper and lower 95% limits of agreement. 75
Fig. 34. Distribution of mean final addition with age and sex. 76