표제지
목차
감사의 글 15
논문개요 17
I. 서론 21
A. 연구 배경 및 목적 21
B. 연구사 23
C. 연구 절차 및 범위 25
II. 연구 대상 현황 29
A. 일반 현황 29
B. 수문 현황 33
1. 강우 현황 33
2. 유입 지류의 유량 현황 35
C. 수질 현황 37
1. 유입 지류의 수질 특성 37
2. 팔당호의 수질 특성 52
III. 연구 방법 61
A. 모델 선정 61
B. 모델 원리 64
1. 모델 개요 64
2. 수리 모델 66
3. 수질 모델 69
C. 모델 적용 76
1. 모델 구성 76
2. 모델 수행 및 경계 조건 79
3. 현장 수질 조사 81
4. 모델 보정 및 검증 82
IV. 연구 결과 113
A. 수리적 특성 113
1. 시ㆍ공간적 수온 분포 113
2. 시ㆍ공간적 유속 분포 117
3. 시ㆍ공간적 체류시간 분포 120
4. 유입지류의 흐름 경로 123
B. 수질 특성 및 관리 방안 127
1. 시ㆍ공간적 수질 분포 127
2. 민감도 분석 148
3. 식물성 플랑크톤 성장에 대한 제한 인자 152
4. 녹조 제어를 위한 관리의 우선 순위 157
5. 호수 수질 개선을 위한 유입지류별 목표 수질 166
C. 취수원수 특성 및 관리 방안 172
1. 취수원수 중 유입지류의 혼합 비율 172
2. 취수원수의 수질 특성 176
3. 최적 취수 위치 결정을 위한 시나리오 분석 181
4. 오염사고 발생시 취수원수 관리 방안 189
V. 결론 및 제언 195
참고문헌 201
[부록] 213
Abstract 229
Table II-1. Dimensional and morphometric characteristics of Lake Paldang 30
Table II-2. Drainage basin characteristics of Lake Paldang 32
Table II-3. Means and ranges of water quality parameters at three incoming flows during 1995~2000 38
Table II-4. Statistical results from multivariate log linear models 43
Table II-5. Coefficient values of multivariate log linear models with statistical significance 48
Table II-6. Means and ranges of water quality parameters at Lake Paldang during 1995~2000 52
Table II-7. Results of seasonal Mann-Kendall test at Lake Paldang during 1995~2000 58
Table III-1. Case studies of model application to Lake Paldang 63
Table III-2. Analytical methods for the water quality examination 81
Table III-3. Coefficient values used in GLLVHT 82
Table III-4. Water quality coefficient and model constituents in WQDPM 89
Table III-5. Coefficient values used in WQDPM 90
Table III-6. Coefficient values used in CBM 110
Table IV-1. Summary of sensitivity tests 149
Table IV-2. Means and ranges of nutrient concentrations and ratios at immediate upstream of the dam 152
Table IV-3. Regression models of log transformed chlorophyll-a(mg/m³) against… 156
Table IV-4. Annual average mixing ratio(%) of the incoming flows to drinking water intakes 173
Table IV-5. Annual average water qualities to drinking water intakes 178
Table IV-6. Changes at annual average mixing ratios(%) of the incoming flows to drinking water by three alternatives 182
Table IV-7. Changes at annual average water qualities to drinking water intakes by three alternatives 185
Table IV-8. Effects of simulated accidental discharges on drinking water intakes 190
Table IV-9. Effect of simulated accidental discharges on drinking water intakes : comparisons by four alternatives 193
Figure I-1. Study flow chart 27
Figure II-1. Location of the study area 29
Figure II-2. Geographical feature of Lake Paldang 30
Figure II-3. Temporal variations of daily mean water level at the dam during 1998~2000 32
Figure II-4. Yearly variation of annual rainfall at Lake Paldang between 1998 and 2002 34
Figure II-5. Variation of monthly mean rainfall at Lake Paldang for 1998~2002 34
Figure II-6. Seasonal distribution of precipitation and daily flow rates at three incoming flows during 1998~2000 36
Figure II-7. Location of water quality monitoring stations… 37
Figure II-8. Seasonal variations of water quality parameters at three incoming flows of Lake Paldang during 1995~2000 39
Figure II-9. Comparison between field measurements and model results - TN 44
Figure II-10. Comparison between field measurements and model results - TP 45
Figure II-11. Comparison between field measurements and model results - BOD 46
Figure II-12. Comparison between field measurements and model results - Coliform 47
Figure II-13. Seasonal variations of water quality parameters at Lake Paldang during 1995~2000 53
Figure III-1. Schematic description of GEMSS 65
Figure III-2. Schematics of parameters in GLLVHT 66
Figure III-3. Major water quality interactions in WQDPM 69
Figure III-4. Location of model boundaries and sampling stations for vertical profiles of water qualities 76
Figure III-5. Surface modeling grid for the study area and model boundary conditions 78
Figure III-6. Layering at the 5th south-north plane 78
Figure III-7. Validation of the water balance in the model during the application periods:… 80
Figure III-8. Calibration results of GLLVHT - surface water temperature and conductivity 84
Figure III-9. Calibration results of GLLVHT - vertical temperature and conductivity profiles on 16 Aug, 2001 85
Figure III-10. Calibration results of GLLVHT - vertical temperature and conductivity profiles on 25 Sep, 2001 86
Figure III-11. Verification results of GLLVHT - surface water temperature and conductivity 87
Figure III-12. Calibration results of WQDPM - surface water qualities at S1 94
Figure III-13. Calibration results of WQDPM - surface water qualities at S2 95
Figure III-14. Calibration results of WQDPM - surface water qualities at S3 96
Figure III-15. Calibration results of WQDPM - surface water qualities at S4 97
Figure III-16. Calibration results of WQDPM - surface water qualities at S5 98
Figure III-17. Calibration results of WQDPM - vertical profiles at V1 on 16 Aug, 2001 99
Figure III-18. Calibration results of WQDPM - vertical profiles at V2 on 16 Aug, 2001 100
Figure III-19. Calibration results of WQDPM - vertical profiles at V3 on 16 Aug, 2001 101
Figure III-20. Calibration results of WQDPM - vertical profiles at V1on 25 sep, 2001 102
Figure III-21. Calibration results of WQDPM - vertical profiles at V2 on 25 Sep, 2001 103
Figure III-22. Calibration results of WQDPM - vertical profiles at V3 on 25 Sep, 2001 104
Figure III-23. Verification results of WQDPM - surface water qualities at S1 105
Figure III-24. Verification results of WQDPM - surface water qualities at S2 106
Figure III-25. Verification results of WQDPM - surface water qualities at S3 107
Figure III-26. Verification results of WQDPM - surface water qualities at S4 108
Figure III-27. Verification results of WDDPM - surface water qualities at S5 109
Figure III-28. Calibration results of CBM 111
Figure III-29. Verification results of CBM 112
Figure IV-1. Seasonal variation of surface water temperature distribution 114
Figure IV-2. Simulated isothermal variations(℃) at (a) immediate upstream of… 115
Figure IV-3. Difference of water temperature between surface and bottom layer at immediate upstream of the dam 116
Figure IV-4. Water circulation patterns at surface layer: (a) typical circulation… 118
Figure IV-5. Seasonal variation of water temperature and velocity… 119
Figure IV-6. Seasonal variations of residence time with lake 122
Figure IV-7. Horizontal spreading patterns of incoming flows 125
Figure IV-8. Landsat image on 4 Sep, 2000 125
Figure IV-9. Vertical spreading patterns of incoming flows 126
Figure IV-10. Seasonal variation of DIN concentrations at surface layer 128
Figure IV-11. Seasonal variation of TN concentrations at surface layer 129
Figure IV-12. Spatial variation of DIN and TN concentrations at surface layer 129
Figure IV-13. Simulated isoquant contour line of DIN(mg/L) at (a) immuediate… 130
Figure IV-14. Simulated isoquant contour line of TN(mg/L) at (a) immuediate… 131
Figure IV-15. Seasonal variation of PO₄-P concentrations at surface layer 132
Figure IV-16. Seasonal variation of TP concentrations at surface layer 133
Figure IV-17. Spatial variation of PO₄-P and TP concentrations at surface layer 133
Figure IV-18. Simulated isoquant contour line of PO₄-P(mg/m³) at (a)… 135
Figure IV-19. Simulated isoquant contour line of TP(mg/m³) at (a) immuediate… 136
Figure IV-20. Seasonal variation of Chl-a concentrations at surface layer 138
Figure IV-21. Spatial variation of Chl-a concentrations at surface layer 138
Figure IV-22. Simulated isoquant contour line of Chl-a(mg/m³) at (a) immuediate… 139
Figure IV-23. Seasonal variation of BOD concentrations at surface layer 140
Figure IV-24. Seasonal variation of DO concentrations at surface layer 141
Figure IV-25. Spatial variation of BOD and DO concentrations at surface layer 141
Figure IV-26. Simulated isoquant contour line of BOD(mg/L) at (a) immuediate… 143
Figure IV-27. Simulated isoquant contour line of DO(mg/L) at (a) immuediate… 144
Figure IV-28. Seasonal variation of coliform at surface layer 146
Figure IV-29. Spatial variation of coliform at surface layer 146
Figure IV-30. Simulated isoquant contour line of Coliform(MPN/100ml) at (a)… 147
Figure IV-31. Results of sensitivity analysis on Chl-a 150
Figure IV-32. Results of sensitivity analysis on BOD 150
Figure IV-33. Results of sensitivity analysis on Coliform 151
Figure IV-34. Relations of N:P mass ratios to nitrogen and phosphorus 153
Figure IV-35. Temporal variations of relationships between Chl-a and phosphorus 156
Figure IV-36. Proportion changes in epilimnetic Chl-a concentrations at immediate… 158
Figure IV-37. Proportion changes of epilimnetic Chl-a concentrations at immediate… 159
Figure IV-38. Longitudinal variations of proportion changes in epilimnetic… 161
Figure IV-39. Seasonal variations of epilimnetic water qualities at immediate upstream of the dam… 163
Figure IV-40. Proportion changes in epilimnetic Chl-a concentrations at immediate… 165
Figure IV-41. Simulated isoquant contour line of Chl-a(mg/m³) at immediate upstream of the dam… 168
Figure IV-42. Simulated isoquant contour line of BOD(mg/L) at immediate upstream of the dam… 171
Figure IV-43. Seasonal variations of mixing ratios(%) of incoming flows to drinking water intakes 174
Figure IV-44. Location and elevation of aqueduct pipes at three water intake stations 175
Figure IV-45. Seasonal variations of NH₃-N concentration to drinking water intakes 178
Figure IV-46. Seasonal variations of NO₃-N concentration to drinking water intakes 179
Figure IV-47. Seasonal variations of Chl-a concentration to drinking water intakes 179
Figure IV-48. Seasonal variations of BOD concentration to drinking water intakes 180
Figure IV-49. Seasonal variations of coliform to drinking water intakes 180
Figure IV-50. Three proposed alternatives compared with present station 3 181
Figure IV-51. Seasonal variations of mixing ratios(%) of the incoming flows to drinking water intakes by three alternatives 183
Figure IV-52. Seasonal variations of NH₃-N concentration to drinking water intakes by three alternatives 186
Figure IV-53. Seasonal variations of NO₃-N concentration to drinking water intakes by three alternatives 186
Figure IV-54. Seasonal variations of Chl-a concentration to drinking water intakes by three alternatives 187
Figure IV-55. Seasonal variations of BOD concentration to drinking water intakes by three alternatives 187
Figure IV-56. Seasonal variations of Coliform to drinking water intakes by three alternatives 188
Figure IV-57. Supposed locations of accidental pollution discharges within the lake 189
Figure IV-58. Temporal and spatial distributions of pollutants discharged by pollution accidents 191