표제지
목차
감사의 글 13
요약문 14
제I장 서론 16
1.1. 연구 배경 16
1.2. 연구 범위 및 목적 18
제II장 이론적 배경 20
2.1. 오염 퇴적물 20
2.2. 퇴적물 정화방법 22
2.2.1. 자연정화(No action) 23
2.2.2. 준설(Dredging) 23
2.2.3. 퇴적물 피복(Sediment capping) 27
2.2.4. 현장 퇴적물 처리방법(In situ sediment treatment) 28
2.2.4.1. 고정화/안정화(Solidification/Stabilization) 28
2.2.4.2. 생물학적 처리방법(Biological treatment) 29
2.2.4.3. 화학적 처리방법(Chemical treatment) 30
2.2.5. 퇴적물 처리 비용 산정 33
2.3. 퇴적물에서 일어나는 반응 36
2.3.1. 퇴적물-수층간의 상호작용 36
2.3.2. 초기속성과정(Early diagenesis) 38
2.3.3. 초기속성과정에서 일어나는 영양물질의 이동 41
2.3.4. 퇴적물에서 일어나는 인의 순환 42
2.3.5. 퇴적물에서 일어나는 철의 순환 47
2.3.6. 퇴적물에 존재하는 인의형태와 인의 용출 49
2.4. 현장 처리제의 구성성분 52
2.4.1. 질산칼슘(Calciumnitrate) 52
2.4.2. 황토(Ocher) 55
2.4.3. 알긴산 나트륨(Sodium alginate) 56
제III장 황토와 질산칼슘이 인 용출 저감에 미치는 영향 58
3.1. 서론 58
3.1.1. 현장 처리제의 이론적 배경 59
3.2. 실험 및 분석방법 63
3.2.1. 실험 대상 물질[내용누락;p.51] 63
3.2.2. 실험방법[내용누락;p.52] 67
3.2.2.1. 퇴적물로부터 인의 용출률 분석[내용누락;p.52] 67
3.2.2.2. 퇴적물의 산화환원 전위 변화 관찰 68
3.3. 결과 및 고찰 73
3.3.1. 황토와 질산칼슘이 퇴적물 인 용출 제어에 미치는 영향 73
3.3.1.1. 황토, 칼슘, 질산이온 단독 처리 73
3.3.1.2. 질산칼슘 처리 76
3.3.1.3. 황토와 질산칼슘의 처리 77
3.3.2. 용출된 인과 철(II)이온과의 관계 80
3.3.3. 퇴적물 깊이별 산화환원전위 변화 83
3.4. 결론 85
제IV장 황토와 질산칼슘처리가 수체의 조류 발생 저감에 미치는 영향 86
4.1. 서론 86
4.2. 실험 및 분석방법 87
4.2.1. 실험방법 87
4.2.2. 분석 방법 88
4.3. 결과 및 고찰 90
4.3.1. 황토와 질산칼슘이 수체의 조류 발생 저감에 미치는 영향 90
4.3.2. 황토 혼합물이 수체의 조류 발생 저감에 미치는 영향 95
4.4. 결론 97
제V장 현장 처리제의 개발 및 현장 적용성 98
5.1. 서론 98
5.2. 대상 물질 및 실험방법 100
5.2.1. 실험 대상 물질 100
5.2.1.1. 현장 처리제의 구성성분 100
5.2.1.2. 현장 처리제의 제작 방법 100
5.2.2. 실험 방법 103
5.2.2.1. 현장 처리제의 질산이온 용출 실험 103
5.2.2.2. 현장 처리제의 조류 발생 저감 실험 105
5.3. 결과 및 고찰 106
5.3.1. 현장 처리제의 질산이온 용출 특성 106
5.3.2. 현장 처리제의 수층 조류 발생 저감 효과 111
5.4. 결론 114
제VI장 혐기성 퇴적물에 적용한 현장 처리제에서의 질산이온용출 추적 모델 116
6.1. 서론 116
6.2. 모델 개발 117
6.3. 실험 및 분석방법 132
6.3.1. 실험방법 132
6.3.2. 분석방법 133
6.4. 결과 및 고찰 137
6.4.1. 모델 결과 137
6.4.2. 현장 처리제의 사용량에 따른 시나리오 모의 141
6.4.2.1. 질산이온의 분포 변화 141
6.4.2.2. 질산이온 소모 특성의 변화 147
6.5. 결론 151
제VII장 결론 및 제언 152
7.1. 요약 및 결론 152
7.2. 향후 연구 제언 153
참고문헌 156
ABSTRACT 176
Table 2.1. Comparison of hydraulic and mechanical dredge 26
Table 2.2. Summary of in situ chemical treatment 32
Table 2.3. Typical unit costs for maintenance dredging 34
Table 2.4. Typical unit costs for containment barriers 34
Table 2.5. Costs for sediment treatment technologies 35
Table 2.6. Classes of phosphorus containing compounds of importance 42
Table 2.7. Representative heterogeneous and complexation equilibria of phosphates at 25℃ 43
Table 2.8. Eh values and Equilibrium constants of Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox couples at 25℃ 48
Table 2.9. Trophic state and P release rates(RR)(mgㆍm-²ㆍd-¹ according to phosphorus form(mgㆍdry g-¹ in sediment(이미지참조) 51
Table 3.1. Phosphorus fraction in sediment 65
Table 3.2. Chemical composition of ocher used in this study[내용누락;p.51] 66
Table 3.3. Calculated P fluxes by each treatment 75
Table 5.1. Nitrate release kinetics 107
Table 6.1. Physical and transport parameters used in the simulation 123
Table 6.2. Overall reactions 125
Table 6.3. Notation used in model equations 127
Table 6.4. Stoichiometric reactions included in the Model 130
Table 6.5. Key biotic/abiotic reaction parameters used in the simulation 131
Table 6.6. The nitrate mass distribution according to various options of pellet usage for sediment treatment 142
Figure 1.1. Outline of the specific scopes in each chapter 19
Figure 2.1. Applicable treatment options for contaminated sediment 22
Figure 2.2. Flow chart for screening no action 24
Figure 2.3 The example of sediment capping 27
Figure 2.4. In situ sediment treatment using sheetpile caisson 29
Figure 2.5. (a) Conventional treatment for in situ sediment treatment, (b) various injector systems 31
Figure 2.6. Transport processes near the sediment-water interface 37
Figure 2.7. Schematic view of the early diagenetic processes 39
Figure 2.8. Theoretical pH/pe diagram with stability fields for strengtite… 44
Figure 2.9. Diagram pe and PH for the System Fe-CO₂-H₂O. CT=10-³M(이미지참조) 47
Figure 2.10. Regression of TP release rates on (a) sediment TP… 50
Figure 2.11. Phytoplankton biomass in the water bulk of the enclosures and the neighbouring Schlei (Feibicke, 1997) 53
Figure 2.12. Hydrogen sulfide in the sediment with/without calcium nitrate treatment (Murphy and Savile, 1996) 53
Figure 2.13. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in Dosfasco Boatship… 54
Figure 2.14. Principle of phosphate fixation on ferric oxide surface 56
Figure 2.15. Schematics of the synthesis of alginate gel 57
Figure 3.1. (a) The developed limnomedicine for in situ sediment treatment and (b) the field application method 61
Figure 3.2. The role of limnomedicine in sediment treatment 62
Figure 3.3. TP measurement method of sediment 65
Figure 3.4. Microelectrode system used in this study 69
Figure 3.5. Picture of electrodes. left: nitrate microelectrode,… 71
Figure 3.6. Calibration curve of nitrate microelectrode 72
Figure 3.7. Released phosphate from sediment with time: (a) scatter and … 74
Figure 3.8. Consumed nitrate in water column according to treatment conditions 79
Figure 3.9. Released phosphate and ferrous iron according to treatment conditions 81
Figure 3.10. Relationship between released ferrous iron and phosphate from sediment 82
Figure 3.11. Vertical profiles of nitrate and Eh in sediment-water interface 84
Figure 4.1. The picture of algae production experiment 89
Figure 4.2. Algae production in the overlying water according to treatment condition(ocher and calcium nitrate) 91
Figure 4.3. Phosphorus flux released from the sediment with or without treatment 92
Figure 4.4. Relationship between phosphorus released from and produced Chl-a 94
Figure 4.5. Algae production in the overlying water according to different concentration of ocher mixture 96
Figure 5.1. Making procedures of (a) uncontrolled release pellet and (b) controlled release pellet 102
Figure 5.2. The schematic diagram of nitrate release test 104
Figure 5.3. Nitrate release profiles of two types of pellet 107
Figure 5.4. Setting of spheres in water at 10℃ (Camp, 1952) 109
Figure 5.5. Estimation of nitrate loss by way of water column… 110
Figure 5.6. The effect of sediment treatment on algae production from the sediment… 112
Figure 5.7. Picture of algae production with or without pellet treatment 113
Figure 6.1. Schematic distribution of nitrate concentration near the sediment-water interface 119
Figure 6.2. CNO3,0 variation with time according to nitrate release from the pellet(이미지참조) 120
Figure 6.3. The changes of water content and porosity with depth in the sediment 122
Figure 6.4. Chemical constituent interactions included in the model formation 128
Figure 6.5. The schematic diagram of sediment analysis 136
Figure 6.6. Concentration profiles of different chemical constituents at 9th day… 139
Figure 6.7. The changes of different chemical constituents profiles over time 140
Figure 6.8. The distribution of nitrate released out from the pellet 143
Figure 6.9. Comparison of dependence of CNO3,0 over time(이미지참조) 144
Figure 6.10. The variations of different chemical constituents profile over time after application of pellet(0.5 pellet / 86.96 cm²) 145
Figure 6.11. The variations of different chemical constituents profile over time after application of pellet(2 pellet / 86.96 cm₂) 146
Figure 6.12. The mass of nitrate consumption in sediment in three simulations 149
Figure 6.13. The changes of organic carbon, FeS and FeOOH over time 150