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Title Page
Abstract
Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction 11
Chapter 2. Materials and Methods 18
2.1. Design and synthesis of DNA ODN and antisense miR-34a LNA 18
2.2. Cell culture conditions 18
2.2.1. Cell culture 18
2.2.2. Exosome free FBS preparation 18
2.3. Isolation and quantification of exosomes 20
2.3.1. Exosome isolation by ExoQuick-TC™ 20
2.3.2. Exosome quantification by EXOCET™ 20
2.4. Nucleic acid loading to exosome 20
2.4.1. DNA ODN loading to exosome 20
2.4.2. Antisense LNA loading to exosome 21
2.5. Characterization of exosome 21
2.5.1. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) 21
2.5.2. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 22
2.6. Confocal laser scanning microscope 22
2.6.1. DNA ODN-loaded exosome delivery to cells 22
2.6.2. Antisense miR-34a LNA-loaded exosome delivery to chondrocytes 22
2.7. WST-1 23
2.8. Real-time PCR analysis of miR-34a and type II collagen in cells 23
2.8.1. RNA isolation 23
2.8.2. cDNA synthesis 24
2.8.3. Real-time PCR 24
2.9. Cell growth and viability 25
2.10. Statistics analysis 25
Chapter 3. Results and Discussion 27
3.1. Overall research strategy 27
3.2. Isolation and characterization of exosomes 27
3.3. Delivery of oligonucleotides-loaded exosomes 29
3.3.1. DNA ODN-loaded exosome delivery to cells 29
3.3.2. Antisense miR-34a LNA-loaded exosome delivery to bovine chondrocyte 29
3.4. Toxicity of antisense miR-34a LNA-loaded exosome on chondrocyte 34
3.5. MiR-34a and type II collagen expression levels in chondrocyte 34
3.5.1. Effect of antisense miR-34a LNA-loaded exosomes on miR-34a in chondrocyte 34
3.5.2. Effect of antisense miR-34a LNA-loaded exosomes on type II collagen in chondrocyte 40
3.6. Effect of antisense miR-34a LNA-loaded exosome on chondrocyte growth and viability 43
Chapter 4. Conclusions 50
References 51
국문초록 57
Table 2.1. Design of DNA ODN and Antisense LNA 19
Table 2.2. Primer Sequences for Real-time PCR 26
Figure 1. Normal and osteoarthritis (OA) articular structures 13
Figure 2. Regulatory networks of microRNAs (miRNAs) in OA progression and chondrogenesis.... 14
Figure 3. Exosomes are small membrane vesicles secreted by most cell types. Internal vesicles... 16
Figure 4. Schematic representation of exosome biogenesis. Exosomes originate from the... 17
Figure 5. Overall illustration of antisense miR-34a LNA-loaded exosome delivery into... 28
Figure 6. (A) Preparation of antisense LNA-loaded exosomes. Exosomes were produced from... 31
Figure 7. TEM analysis of isolated exosomes. Exosomes prepared from the methods shown in... 33
Figure 8. (A) Delivery of DNA ODN-loaded exosomes to HeLa cells (B, C) or chondrocyte (D,... 36
Figure 9. Delivery of antisense miR-34a LNA using PEI or exosomes into chondrocytes and the... 37
Figure 10. Cytotoxicity of exosomes-based cellular delivery of antisense LNA. Chondrocytes... 39
Figure 11. Effect of antisense miR-34a LNA-loaded exosomes on the miR-34a level in... 41
Figure 12. Effect of antisense miR-34a LNA on type II collagen expression in chondrocytes... 44
Figure 13. Effect of exosome-based delivery of antisense miR-34a LNA on type II collagen... 45
Figure 14. Effect of antisense miR-34a LNA-loaded exosome on chondrocyte growth. Bovine... 46
Figure 15. The effect of antisense miR-34a LNA-loaded exosomes on chondrocyte viability. 48
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