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Title Page
Contents
Abbreviations 8
Abstract 9
Abstract in Korean (초록) 10
Introduction 11
1. Germin-like protein (GLP) 11
2. Auxin-binding protein 1 (ABP1) and auxin signaling 15
3. ABP1 signaling in roots 16
Materials and Methods 19
Plant material and growth conditions 19
Arabidopsis crossing 19
Reverse Transcript RCR 19
DNA constructs 20
Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression 20
Proteinase K protection assay 21
BL21 E. coli survival assay 22
MBP tagged protein purification 22
SOD activity assay 22
Genotyping of T-DNA knockout lines and plant transformation 24
Imaging with confocal laser scanning microscope 24
Luminescence imaging 25
Tropism sensitivity assay 25
Result 26
1. GLP may be functionally overlapping with ABP1 26
2. GLPx was chosen to be characterized 29
3. GLPx is localized to both ER and apoplast 30
3.1. GLPx is localized to ER 30
3.2. GLPx is localized to apoplast 34
4. The signal peptide (SP) of GLPx has antimicrobial activity 37
5. GLPx expresses in all Arabidopsis tissues analyzed, and has no OXO activity 41
6. glpx T-DNA knockout line has similar phenotype to knockout lines of PIN2 signaling pathway components 45
Discussion 51
Reference 55
Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of Arabidopsis GLP family 14
Figure 2. ABP1 signaling pathway in root 18
Figure 3. Alignment of ABP1 and Arabidopsis GLPs. Box A is shown with black... 28
Figure 4. Alignment of ABP1 and GLPx using BLAST program 29
Figure 5. GLPx is localized to ER 33
Figure 6. A little amount of GLPx is localized to apoplast 35
Figure 7. The 3D model of GLPx SP. GLPx SP has alpha helix structure (Garnet)... 38
Figure 8. Overexpression of GLPx SP killed E. coli 39
Figure 9. GLPx expresses in source leaf, sink leaf, stem, silique, flower and root 42
Figure 10. Purification of MBP: GLPx△SP(이미지참조) 43
Figure 11. MBP:GLPx△SP has no SOD activity 44
Figure 12. GLPx knockout (glpx KO) line was got and confirmed 46
Figure 13. glpx KO and GLPx OE has no clear difference on leaf pavement cell... 46
Figure 14. glpx KO and GLPx OE has no clear difference on trichome branching... 47
Figure 15. glpx KO has increased hypocotyl length 47
Figure 16. glpx KO has increased lateral root density 48
Figure 17. glpx KO has reduced root gravitropism, and GLP OE has increased... 48
Figure 18. glpx KO has reduced hypocotyl phototropism, and GLP OE has... 49
Figure 19. Interaction assay between GLPx and SPK1 with firefly luciferase... 50
Figure 20. Possible GLPx signaling pathway 54
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