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List of Abbreviations 12
제1장 서론 14
1.1. 연구배경 14
1.2. 연구목적 16
제2장 연구방법 17
2.1. 측정지점 및 기상개황 17
2.2. PAH 측정방법 20
2.2.1. 측정대상 PAH 20
2.2.2. PAH 시료 채취 23
2.2.3. PAH 시료 전처리 27
2.2.4. PAH 분석 30
2.2.5. PAH 측정 정도관리 36
2.3. 중금속 측정 방법 46
2.3.1. 중금속 일반 항목 시료채취 방법 46
2.3.2. 중금속 성분 추출 및 전처리방법 46
2.3.3. 중금속 분석방법 50
2.3.4. 중금속 측정 정도관리 51
제3장 결과 및 고찰 63
3.1. PAH 오염특성 63
3.1.1. 지점별 TSP 농도분포 63
3.1.2. 지점별 PAH 농도분포 65
3.1.3. 계절별 PAH 농도분포 73
3.1.4. 타 연구사례와의 비교 76
3.1.5. 아시아권의 다른 나라와의 비교 80
3.1.6. 저분자 PAH 측정결과에 대한 고찰 81
3.2. 중금속 오염특성 85
3.2.1. 지점별 중금속 농도 분포 85
3.2.2. 계절간 중금속 농도 비교 91
3.2.3. 기존 연구 사례와의 비교 94
제4장 대기 환경 중 TSP의 오염특성평가 101
4.1. 다변량해석을 통한 TSP 농도변동 영향인자 분석 101
4.1.1. 다변량해석의 이론 101
4.1.2. TSP 농도변동의 주요 영향인자 104
4.2. CMB 모델을 이용한 TSP의 발생원별 기여도 추정 109
4.2.1. CMB 모델의 이론 109
4.2.2. CMB 모델의 적용 111
4.2.3. TSP의 배출원별 기여도 112
제5장 결론 117
참고문헌 120
Abstract 124
Table 2.1. Seasonal weather conditions of site 18
Table 2.2. Physicochemical properties of PAHs 21
Table 2.3. Polarity index and physicochemical properties of organic solvents 28
Table 2.4. Analytical condition of GC/MSD for PAHs 32
Table 2.5. Applied SS and IS for the analysis of PAHs 33
Table 2.6. Comparison of the performance of High-volume air samplers-TSP 36
Table 2.7. Comparison of the performance of High-volume air samplers-PAHs 37
Table 2.8. Recovery of important PAHs (n＝6) 39
Table 2.9. Comparison of the method in soxtec and soxhlet 40
Table 2.10. Repeatability of R.F and R.T-PAHs (n＝6) 41
Table 2.11. IDL, MDL and QDL of PAHs (n＝5) 43
Table 2.12. Accuracy test of PAHs analysis using SRM 1649a 45
Table 2.13. Analytical condition of ICP/AES for heavy metals 50
Table 2.14. Recovery of heavy metals analysis using SRM 1648 53
Table 2.15. IDL, MDL, and QDL of heavy metals 54
Table 2.16. IDL of heavy metals in Yeungnam Univ and Donga Univ 56
Table 2.17. Analysis data of heavy metals in Yeungnam Univ and Donga Univ 56
Table 2.18. Comparison of the analysis data in Yeungnam Univ and Donga Univ 62
Table 3.1. TSP and PM10 concentrations of each site(이미지참조) 63
Table 3.2. PAHs detection frequency of each site 66
Table 3.3. Ranked mean concentration of PAHs 66
Table 3.4. Mean and maximum concentration of important PAHs 68
Table 3.5. Comparison of PAHs concentrations with other areas (I) 77
Table 3.6. Comparison of PAHs concentrations with other areas (II) 77
Table 3.7. Comparison of geological characters, PAHs concentrations among various in Asian Countries during year of 2001 ~ 2009 80
Table 3.8. Comparison of naphthalene concentrations by thermal desorption and solvent extraction methods 83
Table 3.9. The experimental case on the phase distribution PAHs 83
Table 3.10. Mean and maximum concentration of important heavy metals 86
Table 3.11. Comparison of heavy metals concentrations with other areas (I) 95
Table 3.12. Comparison of heavy metals concentrations with other areas (II) 96
Table 3.13. Comparison of heavy metals concentrations with other areas (III) 97
Table 3.14. Comparison of heavy metals concentrations with other areas (IV) 98
Table 4.1. The results of TSP principal component analysis in Residential area (n＝40) 106
Table 4.2. The results of TSP multiple regression analysis in Residential area 106
Table 4.3. The results of PAHs multiple regression analysis in Residential area 106
Table 4.4. The results of TSP principal component analysis in Industrial A area (n＝40) 107
Table 4.5. The results of TSP multiple regression analysis in Industrial A area 107
Table 4.6. The results of PAHs multiple regression analysis in Industrial A area 107
Table 4.7. The results of TSP principal component analysis in Rural area (n＝40) 108
Table 4.8. The results of TSP multiple regression analysis in Rural area 108
Table 4.9. The results of PAHs multiple regression analysis in Rural area 108
Table 4.10. Performance evaluation standard on CMB modeling results 111
Table 4.11. TSP source profile for CMB modeling 113
Table 4.12. TSP source contribution estimate results in each area 115
Figure 2.1. Geographic locations of sampling sites. 18
Figure 2.2. Wind rose of Steel-Industrial area. 19
Figure 2.3. Structural formula of PAHs. 22
Figure 2.4. Schematic diagram of high-volume PUF sampler. 24
Figure 2.5. Ultrasonication and muffle furnace for pretreatment of quartz fiber filters. 24
Figure 2.6. Sectional area of PAHs and TSP from filter sample. 26
Figure 2.7. Analytical procedure for determination of PAHs. 29
Figure 2.8. Chromatograms of standard and field sample by scan mode analysis. 34
Figure 2.9. Chromatograms of standard and field sample by SIM mode analysis. 35
Figure 2.10. Analytical procedure for determination of heavy metals. 47
Figure 2.11. Tendency analysis of heavy metals data in Yeungnam Univ and Donga Univ (I). 57
Figure 2.12. Tendency analysis of heavy metals data in Yeungnam Univ and Donga Univ (II). 58
Figure 2.13. Tendency analysis of heavy metals data in Yeungnam Univ and Donga Univ (III). 59
Figure 2.14. Correlation analysis of heavy metals data in Yeungnam Univ and Donga Univ (I). 60
Figure 2.15. Correlation analysis of heavy metals data in Yeungnam Univ and Donga Univ (II). 61
Figure 3.1. Tendency of TSP and PM10 concentrations in each area(이미지참조) 64
Figure 3.2. Cumulative probability distribution of PAHs in each site (I). 69
Figure 3.3. Cumulative probability distribution of PAHs in each site (II). 70
Figure 3.4. Comparison of PAHs concentrations in each site (Fall). 71
Figure 3.5. Comparison of PAHs concentrations in each site (Winter). 72
Figure 3.6. Seasonal comparison of PAHs (I). 74
Figure 3.7. Seasonal comparison of PAHs (II). 75
Figure 3.8. Comparison of PAHs concentrations with other areas-Industrial. 78
Figure 3.9. Comparison of PAHs concentrations with other areas-Residential. 79
Figure 3.10. Comparison of naphthalene concentrations in vaporous and particulate. 84
Figure 3.11. Cumulative probability distribution of heavy metals in each site (I). 87
Figure 3.12. Cumulative probability distribution of heavy metals in each site (II). 88
Figure 3.13. Comparison of Heavy metals concentration in each site (Fall). 89
Figure 3.14. Comparison of Heavy metals concentration in each site (Winter). 90
Figure 3.15. Seasonal comparison of heavy metals (I). 92
Figure 3.16. Seasonal comparison of heavy metals (II). 93
Figure 3.17. Comparison of heavy metals concentrations with other areas (Industrial). 99
Figure 3.18. Comparison of heavy metals concentrations with other areas (Residential). 100
Figure 4.1. Average source contribution of estimated by regional groups-Residential area. 115
Figure 4.2. Average source contribution of estimated by regional groups-Industrial A area. 116
Figure 4.3. Average source contribution of estimated by regional groups-Rural area. 116
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