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title page
Contents
ABSTRACT 6
CHAPTER 1. Introduction 7
1-1. Theoretical Background 7
1-2. Aims/Purpose of Study 9
1-3. Outline of the Dissertation 11
CHAPTER 2. Test materials and procedures 12
2-1. Test Materials 12
2-1-1. SA-516 Gr.70 12
2-1-2. SA-387 Gr.11 Cl.2 & Gr.22 Cl.2 13
2-2. Welding Process and Microstructure 15
2-3. Methodology 29
2-3-1. Charpy V-Notch (CVN) Test 29
2-3-1-1. Test Material Preparation 30
2-3-1-2. Test Experiment 31
2-3-2. Advanced Small Punch (ASP) Test 37
2-3-2-1. Specimen Preparation 37
2-3-2-1-1. B.M. and W.M. specimens 37
2-3-2-1-2. CGHAZ, FGCHAZ and ICHAZ specimens 38
2-3-2-2. Test Experiment 42
CHAPTER 3. Results and discussion 45
3-1. ASP and CVN Results 45
3-1-1. ASP Test Evaluation 45
3-1-1-1. Load Displacement Curve (LDC) Interpretation 45
3-1-1-2. Ductile-Brittle Transition Temperature (DBTT) Interpretation 59
3-1-2. CVN Test Evaluation 66
3-1-2-1. Ductile-Brittle Transition Temperature (DBTT) Interpretation 66
3-1-2-2. Fracture Appearance Transition Temperature (FATT) Interpretation 71
3-1-2-3. CVN's Lateral Expansion Interpretation 75
3-2. Comparison of DBTT Results between ASP and CVN Test 78
3-3. Comparison of Mechanical Properties between Carbon and Low alloy steels 84
CHAPTER 4. Conclusion and recommendation 89
REFERENCES 91
Appendix 96
APPENDIX A. Nomenclature 96
APPENDIX B. Experimental set-up 98
APPENDIX C. Flow diagrams 100
APPENDIX D. Fracture surfaces of CVN specimens 103
APPENDIX E. List of figures 109
APPENDIX F. List or tables 112
Table 2-1. Chemical composition of the sample materials 14
Table 2-2. Mechanical properties of the sample materials 14
Table 2-3. Strengthening heat treatment of the sample materials 14
Table 2-4. Postweld heat treatment (PWHT) conditions of the sample materials 14
Table 2-5. Welding Process Specification for SA-516 Gr.70 21
Table 2-6. Welding Process Specification for SA-387 Gr.11 21
Table 2-7. Welding Process Specification for SA-387 Gr.22 21
Table 2-8. Chemical Compositions of the filler matals (% wt.) 22
Table 2-9. CVN Impact test conditions 36
Table 2-10. Comparison of CSP & ASP 44
Fig. 2-1. Schematic illustration of the various HAZ regions with reference to iron-carbon equilibrium diagram (Reed-Hill) 23
Fig. 2-2. Schematic illustration of the various HAZ regions during deposition of multiple pass weld 23
Fig. 2-3. Macro-etched view of weldment structures 24
Fig. 2-4. Views of various microstructure of SA-516 Gr.70 through optical microscope 26
Fig. 2-5. Views of various microstructure of SA-387 Gr.11 through optical microscope 27
Fig. 2-6. Views of various microstructure of SA-387 Gr.22 through optical microscope 28
Fig. 2-7. Illustration of marked sample coupon 34
Fig. 2-8. Extraction plan of Charpy V-Notch specimen from a transverse section of sample coupon 34
Fig. 2-9. Dimensions and tolerances of Charpy V-Notch specimen 35
Fig. 2-10. Illustration of various microstructure of steel weldment 40
Fig. 2-11. Dimensioning and machining plan of ASP specimen 40
Fig. 2-12. Dimensioning for the different HAZ 41
Fig. 2-13. Schematic illustration of ASP experimental setup 43
Fig. 2-14. Schematic of ASP specimen holder 44
Fig. 3-1. Schematic illustration of load-displacement curve (LDC) and fracture mode process 49
Fig. 3-2. Load-temperature curve of various regions in SA-516 Gr.70 50
Fig. 3-3. Load-temperature curve of various regions in SA-387 Gr.11 53
Fig. 3-4. Load-temperature curve of various regions in SA-387 Cr.22 56
Fig. 3-5. Impact energy curve 64
Fig. 3-6. ASP energy curve for SA-516 Gr.70 microstructures 64
Fig. 3-7. ASP energy curve for SA-387 Gr.11 microstructures 65
Fig. 3-8. ASP energy curve for SA-387 Gr.22 microstructures 65
Fig. 3-9. CVN Impact Energy-Temperature Plot of SA-516 Gr.70 69
Fig. 3-10. CVN Impact Energy-Temperature Plot of SA-387 Gr.11 69
Fig. 3-11. CVN Impact Energy-Temperature Plot of SA-387 Gr.22 70
Fig. 3-12. Percent Shear-Temperature Diagram of SA-516 Gr.70 73
Fig. 3-13. Percent Shear-Temperature Diagram of SA-387 Gr.11 73
Fig. 3-14. Percent Shear-Temperature Diagram of SA-387 Gr.22 74
Fig. 3-15. Lateral expansion-temperature plot of SA-516 Gr.70 76
Fig. 3-16. Lateral expansion-temperature plot of SA-387 Gr.11 76
Fig. 3-17. Lateral expansion-temperature plot of SA-387 Gr.22 77
Fig. 3-18. ASP and CVN energy-temperature of SA-516 Gr.70 82
Fig. 3-19. ASP and CVN energy-temperature of SA-387 Gr.11 82
Fig. 3-20. ASP and CVN energy-temperature of SA-387 Gr.22 83
Fig. 3-21. Correlation plot between DBTTASP and DBTTCVN(이미지참조) 83
Fig. 3-22. Comparison of ASP energy relative to temperature for B.M. of various material 85
Fig. 3-23. Comparison of ASP energy relative to temperature for W.M. of various material 85
Fig. 3-24. Comparison of ASP energy relative to temperature for CGHAZ of various material 86
Fig. 3-25. Comparison of ASP energy relative to temperature for FGHAZ of various material 86
Fig. 3-26. Comparison of ASP energy relative to temperature for ICHAZ of various material 87
Fig. 3-27. Comparison of CVN energy relative to temperature for B.M. of various material 88
Fig. 3-28. Comparison of CVN energy relative to temperature for W.M. of various material 88
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