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Title page
Abstract
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction 14
1.1 Motivation 14
1.2 Problem Statement 15
Background : View change in a group membership service 15
Link failures due to mobility 16
Capricious view changes 18
1.3 Contribution 22
1.4 Dissertation Organization 25
Chapter 2 Related Works 26
2.1 Group Membership Service 26
System Model 26
Issues in the Group Membership Service 27
2.2 Group Communication in MANETs 29
Proximity layer approach 29
Safe distance approach 31
Localized group membership service 33
2.3 Virtual Grid in MANETs 35
Grid Location Service 35
Geographical Adaptive Fidelity 36
Chapter 3 Network Partition Handling Scheme for Group Membership Service 38
3.1 Reachability Estimation 39
3.1.1 Virtual Grid 39
3.1.2 Dwell Time and Reachable Duration Map 41
3.1.3 Consistency among reachable duration maps of each member 44
3.1.4 Example : Reachable duration map 45
3.2 Network Partition Unit 46
3.2.1 Contiguous Region 46
3.2.2 Group Maintenance based on Network Partition Unit 49
Three types of coordinators 51
Region-coordinator (R-coordinator) 53
A contiguous-region-coordinator (C-coordinator) 53
Coordinator election 54
R-coordinator update 54
C-coordinator update 55
3.3 Group Management for Members' Participation 59
3.3.1 Group construction 59
3.3.2 Member join 61
3.3.3 Member leave 65
3.4 Group Management for Members' Mobility 66
3.4.1 Group partition 68
3.4.2 Group merging 70
Chapter 4 Implementation 73
4.1 System Overview 73
4.1.1 System architecture 73
4.1.2 Main data structures 74
4.2 Functionality details 77
4.2.1 RD calculation module 78
4.2.2 RDmap construction module 80
4.2.3 Reachability change detection module 81
4.2.4 Coordinator election module 82
4.2.5 Other modules 83
Chapter 5 Performance Evaluation 85
5.1 Simulation Environment 85
5.2 Result and Analysis 86
5.2.1 Reachability 86
Query accuracy probability 86
Result 87
5.2.2 Network partition handling 92
Chapter 6 Conclusions 95
6.1 Summary 95
6.2 Directions for Future Research 97
국문요약 98
References 101
Acknowledgement 107
Table 2.1 : Group communication issues according to environments. 27
Table 3.1 : Main Symbols and Descriptions. 41
Table 3.2 : Notations and Descriptions used in the hierarchical group maintenance. 52
Table 5.1 : Confidence intervals for the number of view changes in the random way point model 93
Figure 1.1 : View change procedure, when member m4 is disconnected from the group. 15
Figure 1.2 : Periodical messages m0 and m00 are meaningless for detecting a reachability change, if nodes p and q are located within the transmission range of each other even if they are moving 17
Figure 1.3 : One group is partitioned into two subgroups, when node m6 moves out the transmission range of node m5. 18
Figure 1.4 : Blocking time increases due to the cascading view estimation. 20
Figure 1.5 : Conceptual layer in the reachability estimation scheme. 23
Figure 1.6 : Example: Three contiguous-regions. 24
Figure 2.1 : Architecture for group membership service in mobile networks. 30
Figure 2.2 : Example of Safe distance approach. 32
Figure 2.3 : Architecture for Localized group membership service. 33
Figure 3.1 : Positions and region indices of nodes i, m, k, and j. 40
Figure 3.2 : Node information for reachability estimation. 41
Figure 3.3 : Problems in basic dissemination policy. 44
Figure 3.4 : Reachable duration map from node a, RDmap(a). 45
Figure 3.5 : A single contiguous region in a group. 47
Figure 3.6 : Multiple contiguous regions in a group. 48
Figure 3.7 : Hierarchical structure for group maintenance 51
Figure 3.8 : Example 1 : C-coordinator election procedure when a single subgroup under one c-coordinator is divided into multiple subgroups. 55
Figure 3.9 : Example 2 : C-coordinator election procedure when multiple subgroups are merged into one subgroup. 58
Figure 3.10 : Group construction and member join as an r-coordinator. 60
Figure 3.11 : Member join as a c-coordinator. 63
Figure 3.12 : Member join as a normal member. 64
Figure 3.13 : Group partition procedure. 67
Figure 3.14 : Group merging procedure. 71
Figure 4.1 : System Architecture. 74
Figure 5.1 : Simulated terrain for the obstacle mobility model. 86
Figure 5.2 : Query accuracy probability. 87
Figure 5.3 : Simulation results for the reachability estimation scheme in the obstacle mobility (OM) model. 89
Figure 5.4 : The QAPs with the same number of messages under the random way point (RWP) model. 90
Figure 5.5 : The QAPs with the same number of messages under the obstacle mobility (OM) model. 90
Figure 5.6 : Enhancement of random way point and obstacle mobility models. 91
Figure 5.7 : The number of view changes with confidence intervals in the random way point model. (Confidence probability=0.98) 94
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