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title page
Contents
(Abstract) 9
1. Introduction 11
2. Literature survey 13
A. Batteries 13
B. Basic concepts of battery 17
C. Rechargeable lithium secondary battery 20
D. Characteristics of lithium insertion compounds 24
1) Layered oxides 24
a) LiCoO₂ 27
b) LiNiO₂ 28
c) Li-Ni-Co-O 28
d) LiMnO₂ 29
e) Li-Ni-Co-Mn-O 30
f) Li1+xM1-xO₂(이미지참조) 32
2) Spinel oxides 33
3) Olivine phase 37
E. Sythesis 40
1) Solid state reaction 40
3. Experimental 43
A. Powder preparation 43
B. Characterization 44
1) Powder characteristics 44
2) Electrochemical characteristics 44
4. Results and discussion 45
A. Powder characteristics 45
B. Electrochemical characteristics 51
5. Conclusions 56
References 57
(국문초록) 61
Table. 1. Major primary battery systems. 15
Table. 2. Major secondary battery systems. 15
Table. 3. The lattice parameters of Li[Ni1-x-y Cox Mny]O₂prepared at 800℃ for 30h in O₂ atmosphere, LiNiO₂, LiCoO₂, LiMnO₂and Li[Ni⅓Co⅓Mn⅓]O₂with a regular α-NaFeO₂-type (이미지참조) 49
Fig. 1. Growth of small rechargeable cell market. 16
Fig. 2. Comparison of the different battery technologies in terms of volumetric and gravimetric energy density. 16
Fig. 3. Schematic energy diagram of a cell at open circuit. 19
Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of charge/discharge process in a rechargeable lithium-ion battery. 23
Fig. 5. He crystal structures; (a) α-NaFeO₂ layered structure, (b) Spinel structure, and (c) The crystal structure of olivine LiFePO₄. 26
Fig. 6. Schematic illustration of jahn-teller distortion. 36
Fig. 7. Reaction of two crystals (A and B) sharing one face. After initial formation of a product layer C, ions from A and B have to counter-diffuse through the product layer to form new product at the... 42
Fig. 8. Flowchart of the experiment process : solid state reaction. 43
Fig. 9. XRD patterns of Li[Ni1-x-y Cox Mny]O₂(이미지참조) (0.025≤x≤0.4, 0.015≤y≤0.25) using the solid state reaction sintered at 800 ℃ for 30 h in O₂ atmosphere. 47
Fig. 10. The Rieveld refinement results for Li[Ni0.35Co0.4Mn0.25]O₂ prepared by the solid state reaction.(이미지참조) 48
Fig. 11. The Field emission SEM micrograph of the Li[Ni1.x.y Cox Mny]O₂ samples prepared at 800℃ for 30h in O₂ atmosphere by using the solid state reaction.... 50
Fig. 12. Discharge curves of Li/Li[Ni1-x-yCoxMny]O₂ cells in the voltage range of 3.0~4.6 V at a current density of 20 mA/g.(이미지참조) 53
Fig. 13. Differential capacity vs. potential Li/Li[Ni1-x-yCoxMny]O₂cells in the voltage range of 3.0~4.6 V at a current density of 20 mA/g.(이미지참조) 54
Fig. 14. Discharge capacity vs. cycle number for Li/Li[Ni1-x-y Cox Mny]O₂ cells (a) x=0.025, y=0.15 (b) x=0.05,y=0.035 (c) x=0.1, y=0.7 (d)x=0.2, y=0.15 (e) x=0.3, y=0.2 (f) x=0.4, y=0.25.(이미지참조) 55
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