Title page
Contents
Résumé 4
Abstract 5
Acknowledgements 6
Executive summary 9
Synthèse 10
Zusammenfassung 11
1. Introduction 12
2. Data and descriptive statistics 15
2.1. AI exposure 15
2.2. Wages and inequalities 16
3. Empirical strategy 24
3.1. AI and wage inequality between occupations 24
3.2. AI and wage inequality within occupations 26
4. Results 27
4.1. There is no indication that AI has affected wage inequality between occupations (so far) 27
4.2. Higher AI exposure is associated with lower wage inequality within occupations 29
References 34
Annex A. Additional robustness analysis 37
Table 4.1. There is no relationship between exposure to AI and wage inequality between occupations 28
Table 4.2. The relationship between AI exposure and occupational wage growth does not vary by intensity of computer use, social tasks and creative tasks 29
Table 4.3. Greater AI exposure is associated with lower growth in wage inequality within occupation 30
Table 4.4. Within occupations, AI exposure is not associated with the growth in wage inequalities between demographic groups 33
Table 4.5. Within occupations, AI exposure might be associated with the growth in wage inequalities within demographics groups 33
Figure 2.1. Exposure to AI is higher in white collar occupations and lower in physical occupations 16
Figure 2.2. In most countries, inequalities within occupations are greater than inequalities between occupations 18
Figure 2.3. Trends in inequality over the period 2014-18 are mixed across countries 18
Figure 2.4. Real wages have grown in all occupations between 2014 and 2018 19
Figure 2.5. In most occupations, wage inequality within occupations has decreased between 2014 and 2018 20
Figure 2.6. The gender and age wage gaps are mostly driven by within-occupation differences, whereas the education wage gap is driven by between-occupation differences 22
Figure 4.1. Greater occupational AI exposure is associated with higher drop in wage inequality within occupation 31
Boxes
Box 2.1. Theil's inequality index 17
Annex Tables
Table A A.1. Exposure to AI and growth in inequality - Robustness tests 37