영문목차
List of Figures and Tables=vii
List of Contributors=xi
Foreword=xv
1. Introduction : Heritage, Democracy and the Public―Nordic Approaches / Torgrim Sneve Guttormsen ; Grete Swensen=1
PART I. DEBATING NATIONAL HERITAGE―BETWEEN OLD AND NEW PARADIGMS
2. National Memorial Sites as Heritage Values―Valuating Sites Paying Tribute to Heroic Vikings / Torgrim Sneve Guttormsen=13
3. From Patriotic to Transnational Memory―Reflections on the Memorial Landscape of Norway ca. 1990-2014 / Tor Einar Fagerland ; Ingeborg Hjorth=27
4. Archaeological Collections―A Common Good for Archaeologists and the Public? / Atle Omland=39
5. Democracy and Cultural Heritage as Dense Discourse―An Issue of Multiplicity, Complexity and Unpredictability / Terje Brattli ; Jan Brendalsmo=59
6. 22 July and the Negotiation of Memory in Norwegian Society 2011-2014 / Tor Einar Fagerland=71
7. Heritage Value Revisited after 22 July 2011―The Norwegian Government Block as an Expression of Public Values and a National Symbol / Sveinung Krokann Berg=85
PART II. CONTESTING HERITAGE―PREVAILING POLICY AND PLANNING REGIMES
8. On the Outskirts of Heritage―Shifting Norwegian Ideologies of Welfare Planned and Materialised at Tveita / Rikke Stenbro ; Joar Skrede=103
9. Public Art in Schools in Oslo―An Expression of Democracy and a Neglected Resource / Christina Spaarschuh ; Ingrid G. Matheson=117
10. Reconstructing Historical Gardens : Negotiations and Debates―The Larvik Case / Lars Jacob Hvinden-Haug=131
11. Movable Topographies―Negotiating the Built Cultural Heritage of 'Old' Reykjavík / Ólafur Rastrick=145
12. Doing Heritage Together―New Heritage Frontiers in Collaborative Planning / Svava Riesto ; Anne Tietjen=159
13. Strategic Urban Planning as Agonistic Boundary Work―The Case of Nurmes Railway Station Park / Raine Mäntysalo=175
PART III. EXPERIENCING HERITAGE : EMBODIMENT, PERFORMANCE AND THE PUBLIC
14. The Bakkehus Museum―The Trend Towards Participatory Cultural Policies and Museum Communication / Anne Scott Sørensen=189
15. Through the Lens of Affect―Interpreting Prison Buildings of the Past as Heritage in the Present / Grete Swensen=201
16. Everyday Heritage―The Ordinary of the Extraordinary 'Down Tradition' in the Vega Archipelago World Heritage Area, Norway / Knut Fageraas=215
17. Towards New Northern Heritages―The Witch and the Shaman in Official and Public Heritage Productions / Camilla Brattland=231
18. Managing Identification and Empowerment of Young People in the Art Project Myrsky / Katriina Siivonen=245
PART IV. CONCEPTUALISING AND MANAGING HERITAGE―THEORIES AND FUTURE CHALLENGES
19. Democratic Aspects of Heritage Policy / Geir Vestheim=259
20. Whose History? Why Archaeology Matters / Andreas Antelid ; Anita Synnestvedt=271
21. Confronting Absence―Relation and Difference in the Affective Qualities of Heritage Sites / Lars Frers=285
22. Conclusion―Managing Heritage in the Service of the Public / Torgrim Sneve Guttormsen ; Grete Swensen=297
Index=303
4.1. Personal data about the respondents (archaeologists, super-users and the public), in per cent if not otherwise stated=43
4.2. Nine statements about archaeological artefacts=45
4.3. Respondents' ranking of the values according to average score (from 1 to 5)=46
4.4. Super-users : Ranking of five variables according to effect on the respondents' answers=47
4.5. The public : Ranking of seven variables according to effect on the respondents' answers=48
4.6. Four strategies for making artefacts publicly accessible. Priority of archaeologists, according to workplace, in per cent=53
4.7. Sources used by super-users and the public to obtain information about archaeological artefacts=53
15.1. Selecting the case study=212
2.1. The Haugesund Monument today=16
2.2. The lower part of the Saga Column and the artist, pictured ca 1960=17
2.3. Photo-shoot for a marriage taking place at the Harald Tower=18
3.1. The Memory Hall at Steilneset, designed by architect Peter Zumthor. Steilneset Memorial was commissioned by the Norwegian Public Roads Administration as part of the National Tourist Routes in Norway=28
3.2. Children playing by the Cissi Klein memorial in Trondheim=31
3.3. Artist Gunter Demnig at work laying Stolpersteine in Trondheim June 2014=32
3.4. The buried monument at Stiklestad was temporarily uncovered in 2009 in order to plan for a partial excavation in the future=33
3.5. The Falstad Memorial. Former prison barracks are marked in the grass=35
4.1. A map of Norway showing the 19 counties, the location of the five archaeological university museums and the survey areas of Dønna and Agder=40
4.2. Priority of six plausible management models of archaeological artefacts. Answers by super-users and archaeologists, in per cent=49
4.3. Stance taken on the statement : 'Artefacts handed in to the museums end up in storage and hardly anyone can see them.' Different scales were used in the surveys=50
4.4. Stance taken on the statement : 'The cultural heritage of a local community suffers a loss when archaeologists bring archaeological artefacts to the university museums'=50
4.5. Priority of four strategies for making artefacts publicly accessible. Answers from super-users and archaeologists, in per cent=51
4.6. Percentage of archaeologists who score access to original archaeological artefacts vs. reproductions (digitisation, publication) 'very important' for their own research and careers (higher degree, subsequent studies and expectations for the future)=52
5.1. The black line shows the total area of post-medieval cultural layers. The thin, solid line shows the extent of CELC. The cross hatched area shows both the area of the automatically protected cultural layers and the part of the post-medieval culture layers which was finally included in CELC=64
6.1. Objects from a temporary memorial being collected by staff members from the State Archives in Trondheim, 5 August 2011=74
6.2. 22 July monument in Mosjøen municipality, June 2013=77
6.3. The 'Memory Wound' by Jonas Dahlberg. The plan is to unveil it in Hole Municipality near Utøya in 2016=78
6.4. Scarred landscape, Utøya 2013=79
7.1. The H-building=86
7.2. The Y-building=87
7.3. The government buildings and the area included in the new zoning plan=88
7.4. The government block with the 7 buildings (dark+S-blokk and outdoor area (hatched) proposed by FAD/Statsbygg for preservation before 22 July 2011=92
8.1. Architects, planners and other important men with hats on survey at Tveita in spe, 1960=105
8.2. Tveita's three high-rises seen in the last phase of their construction in 1968=106
8.3. The disposition of Rinnan's plan and its attachment to a larger infrastructural system is evident in this aerial view from 1987=107
8.4. Section of residents' names figuring on the original signboard at the entrance of Nåkkves Vei 1, Tveita=112
9.1. Ellingsrudåsen school. Detail of Per Kleiva's monumental 1976-77 mural=121
9.2. Haugen school. Detail of Edvard Rosén's 1981 mural=122
9.3. Veitvet school. A. Rona's 1958 painting=123
9.4. Veitvet school. Detail of K. Westh's 1958 mural=124
10.1. Reconstruction of the garden in the period 1733-1760=132
10.2. Plan of the garden of 1688 applied to a contemporary map=135
10.3. NIKU's suggestion for a garden project, based on the situation after 1760=136
10.4. Aerial photography of the present situation on the site=140
11.1. From Nike to Timberland before and after renovation. Laugavegur no. 6 in January 2008 housing a Nike outlet=148
11.2. From Nike to Timberland before and after renovation. Laugavegur no. 6 after renovation in 2011 housing a Timberland outlet=149
11.3. Gröndalshús in the shadow of a modern office block=150
11.4. Spectators observe Gröndalshús arriving at its new site=151
11.5. The original Fjalakötturinn situated in Aðalstræti no. 8, demolished in 1985=154
11.6. The new Fjalakötturinn of Aðalstræti no. 14, built in 2005=155
12.1. Albertslund Syd=162
12.2. From left to right : Location of the three coastal villages in Thisted municipality (marked by red circles), aerial photos of the three project sites and impressions of the realised projects in Klitmøller (top), Nørre Vorupør (middle), and Krik (bottom)=167
12.3. Detail of the beach promenade in Klitmøller : Local fishermen's solution to integrate the capstan that reels in the fishing boats=168
14.1. 'Bakkehuset', seen from the yard=193
14.2. Kamma's corner-room, view from the middle-room=195
15.1. The photo dated 1927-30 shows the main hall in the prison=204
15.2. Bergen regional prison was extended in 1919-1920 and the plans were made by architect T. Hals Frølich. The drawing shows a cross-section of where the old and the new parts of the prison meet=205
15.3. Installation 'BIND OR MIND' by the performance artist Alastair MacLennon, illustrating the similarities between a cage and a prison cell. Bergen Internasjonale Performance festival, 2012=208
15.4. The performance artist Dominique Thorpe's interpretation of what life inside the cell might feel like. Bergen Internasjonale Performancefestival 2012=209
16.1. Lånan, exposed to the open sea to the North and West, is one of the outermost 'down sites' in The Vega Archipelago. Efforts to revive the 'down tradition' have resulted in the increase of the eider population at the site, which at present counting a total of approximately 800 nesting eider ducks=216
16.2. Nesting houses at Lånan, Flovær, Skjærvær and Muddvær. Driftwood and old building materials were important for the making of sheltered nests for the eider ducks=223
16.3. Nesting houses made for one eider duck each in all kinds of materials, scattered throughout the landscape at Muddvær=225
17.1. The Steilneset Memorial in Vardø=236
18.1. At the national festival of Myrsky in Hämeenlinna, Finland, in August 2010=247
18.2. Myrsky group in Somero preparing a performance of fire art as a part of a local summer festival in August 2009=250
18.3. A group of young people documenting the national Myrsky festival in Hämeenlinna in August 2010=254
19.1. Cultural heritage and the triangle of cultural policy=260
19.2. The overlapping zone=262
20.1. The twentieth century croft in Nödinge where the excavation took place=274
20.2. Some of the youths excavating a one square metre pit=275
20.3. The excavation resulted in many finds from life in and around the croft=276
20.4. A coin that predates the croft by about 150 years brought some new knowledge about the site to the surface=277
20.5. Creating new stories=280
21.1. Abandoned workplace, Pomy, France=289
21.2. Ruined cottage, Notodden, Norway=291
21.3. Abandoned dock beside the Book and Blues House, Notodden, Norway=293