영문목차
List of Tables and Illustrations=ix
List of Acronyms=xi
Acknowledgments=xiii
1. Introduction and Argument=1
2. The Origins of Egypt's Economic Crisis=9
Nasser's Break with the Ancien Regime=10
Sadat and Infitah=16
The International Context=18
Mubarak and the Economic Crisis of the 1980s=23
Egypt's Recurrent Economic Crisis=25
3. Economic Reforms and Egyptian Agriculture=29
Egypt's Economic Reform and Structural Adjustment Programme, 1986-1998=30
Characterising the Agricultural Crisis=36
Aims and Objectives of Economic Reform=41
Economic Reforms-An Early Success?=53
Economic Reforms-Still Not Successful Enough=56
Conclusion=61
4. Agricultural Modernisation and the Egyptian Countryside: A Critique of Structural Adjustment=63
Comparative Advantage and Tyranny of the Market=64
The State and Agricultural Modemisation=70
Government Neglect of Agriculture=73
Understanding the Countryside=77
Peasants, Politics, and the State=88
The Critique: Bringing the Fellahin Back In=92
5. Views from the Village=94
Kafr Tasfa and Kafr Saad=98
Crisis in the Villages=113
The Agrarian Reform Law=117
Village and Environmental Transformations=122
Women and Coping with Economic Reform=126
Uniform Strategy Versus Socially Differentiated Villages=129
6. Egypt at a Turning Point=133
Investing in Another Pyramid: The Politics of Tushka=136
Rural Protest: The Politics of Law 96 of 1992=143
Agricultural Modernisation: An Alternative=151
Egyptian Agriculture at a Turning Point=157
References=159
2.1. Arab Republic of Egypt: Economic Structure=26
3.1. US. Aid to Egypt=33
3.2. Distribution of Landholdings, 1989-1990=40
3.3. Distribution of Landownership, 1990=40
3.4. Cropping Patterns for 1985 and 1992=54
3.5. Crop Area, Yield, and Production Growth Rates (percentage per year), 1980-1986 and 1987-1993=57
3.6. Agricultural Production=58
3.7. Major Agricultural Imports=59
4.1. Ex-Factory Prices for Nitrogenous Fertilisers Produced:by Different Factories, 1988-1997=68
4.2. Summary of Survival and Livelihood Strategies in Two Villages in Daqahliya and Giza Governorates=85
5.1. Cropping Patterns in Kafr Tasfa=100
5.2. Cropping Patterns in Kafr Saad=103
5.3. Landholding Structure in Kafr Saad from Survey Sample=105
5.4. Landholding Structure in Kafr Tasfa from Survey Sample=105
5.5. Household Market Activity=112
5.6. Household Difficulties in Kafr Saad and Kafr Tasfa=122
5.7. Village Difficulties in Kafr Saad and Kafr Tasfa=123
6.1. Recorded Violence for the Period 1 January 1997-7 May 1997 Resulting from Opposition to the Implementation of Public Law 96 of 1992=146
6.2. Recorded Events of Violence Between Farmers and Police During 1998=149
5.1. Crop Production=103
5.2. Land Distribution=104
5.3. Access to Farm Implements=106
5.4. Household Size=106
5.5. Livestock Ownership=107
5.6. Households Selling Crops=108
5.7. Income by Type=108
5.8. Income Sources of the Landless=109
5.9. Sources of Income=110
5.10. Income Sources of Households with More Than 5 Feddans of Land=110
5.11. Sources of Fertiliser=112
5.12. Reasons for Credit=113