표제지
제출문
요약문
SUMMARY
Contents
목차
제1장 서론 28
제1절 서설 30
제2절 연구개발 목적 범위 31
1. 연구개발의 목적 및 필요성 31
2. 연구개발의 내용 및 범위 32
제2장 국내외 기술 개발 현황 38
제1절 서설 40
제2절 우리나라 연안의 수질 현황 및 보전대책 41
1. 현황 41
2. 우리나라 수질현황의 문제점 45
3. 외국의 해양수질보전대책 46
4. 수질보전을 위한 추진방향 48
5. 법적, 제도적 정비의 필요성 49
제3장 수질분야 결과 52
제1절 서설 54
제2절 조사 및 분석방법 55
1. 시료채취 및 보존방법 55
2. 분석방법 57
제3절 결과 및 고찰 61
1. 일반수질지수 61
2. 퇴적물중의 유기탄소, 황 및 철 66
3. 공극수 72
4. 퇴적물중의 수은 분포 76
제4절 결론 87
제4장 생물 생태계 분야 결과 154
제1절 서설 156
제2절 조사 및 분석방법 157
1. 시료채취 및 보존방법 157
제3절 결과 및 고찰 159
1. 저서동물 159
2. 식물플랑크톤 171
3. 동물플랑크톤 172
제4절 결론 175
제5장 연구개발 목표 달성도 및 대여기여도 226
제6장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 230
제7장 참고문헌 236
Table 3-1. Water quality parameters in Shihwa Lake(00/ 4/ 20). 134
Table 3-2. Water quality parameters in Shihwa Lake(00/ 7/ 27). 135
Table 3-3. Water quality parameters in Shihwa Lake(00/ 8/ 10). 136
Table 3-4. Water quality parameters in Shihwa Lake(00/ 9/ 26). 137
Table 3-5. Water quality parameters in Shihwa Lake(00/ 10/ 12). 138
Table 3-6. Water quality parameters in Shihwa Lake(00/ 11/ 08). 139
Table 3-7. The annual changes of water quality in Shihwa Lake. 140
Table 3-8. The average concentrations of organic carbon, total reduced sulfur and iron for four years in surface sediments from Shihwa Lake. 141
Table 3-9. Correlation coefficients(r) among the elements analyzed in this study. 142
Table 3-10. Depth distribution of elements and indicators determined in this study. 143
Table 3-10. (Continued) 144
Table 3-11. The concentration of dissolved nutrients, sulfate and chloride in porewaters. 145
Table 3-12. The concentrations of phosphorus extracted by sequential extraction and total phosphorus in cores. 146
Table 3-13. Mercury concentrations(ng/g dry wt) in surface sediments of Shihwa Lake during 1997~2000. 147
Table 3-14. Comparison of mercury concentrations in the surface sediments of other locations in Korea. 148
Table 3-15. Correlation coefficients(r²) among mercury, organic carbon, sulfur and trace metals in surface sediments in 1997. 149
Table 3-16. Correlation coefficients(r²) among mercury, organic carbon, sulfur and trace metals in surface sediments in 1998. 149
Table 3-17. Correlation coefficients(r²) among mercury, organic carbon, sulfur, trace metals and mean grain size in surface sediments in 1999. 150
Table 3-18. Correlation coefficients(r²) among mercury, organic carbon, sulfur, trace metals and mean grain size in surface sediments in 2000. 150
Table 3-19. Total mercury, reactive and pyrite fraction in sediment cores in June, 1999. 151
Table 3-20. Total mercury, reactive and pyrite fraction in sediment cores in August, 2000. 152
Table 3-21. Mercury concentrations(ng/L) in porewaters in August, 2000. 153
Table 4-1. The number of percentage of individuals of meiobentos at each stations in the Shihwa Lake. 194
Table 4-2. The number of meiobentos on each mesh size (mm) at each stations in the Shihwa Lake. 195
Table 4-3. The value of nematodes/benthic harpacticoids ratio at each station in the Shihwa Lake. 199
Table 4-4. The abundance, number of species and biomass among major taxonomic groups in the Shihwa Lake in May and August, 2000. 200
Table 4-5. The number of species among major taxonomic groups at each stations in the Shihwa Lake in May and August, 2000. 201
Table 4-6. The abundance among major taxonomic groups at each stations in the Shihwa Lake in May and August, 2000. 202
Table 4-7. The biomass among major taxonomic groups at each stations in the Shihwa Lake in May and August, 2000. 203
Table 4-8. Dominance ranking in species abundance in the Shihwa Lake in May and August, 2000 204
Table 4-9. Dominance ranking in species abundance in the Shihwa Lake in May, 2000. 205
Table 4-10. Dominance ranking in species abundance in the Shihwa Lake in August, 2000. 206
Table 4-11. Changes of numerical dominant species in the Shihwa Lake from Mar. 1994 to Aug., 2000. 207
Table 4-12. The abundance, number of species and biomass among major taxonomic groups collected at each station by trawl in the Shihwa Lake in May, 2000. 209
Table 4-13. The abundance, number of species and biomass among major taxonomic groups collected at each station by trawl in the Shihwa Lake in August, 2000. 210
Table 4-14. Dominance ranking in species abundance collected by trawl in the Shihwa Lake in May and August, 2000. 211
Table 4-15. The comparison of abundance and number of species of macrobenthos with previous works. 212
Table 4-16. The species list and abundance of benthos collected in the soft-bottom of Shihwa Lake in May and August, 2000. 213
Table 4-17. The list of dominant phytoplankton biomass and species(2000. 4) 217
Table 4-18. The list of dominant phytoplankton biomass and species(2000. 7) 218
Table 4-19. The list of dominant phytoplankton biomass and species(2000. 8) 218
Table 4-20. The list of dominant phytoplankton biomass and species(2000. 9) 219
Table 4-21. The list of dominant phytoplankton biomass and species(2000. 10) 219
Table 4-22. The list of dominant phytoplankton biomass and species(2000. 11) 220
Table 4-23. Annual distribution of phytoplankton biomass in surface waters (94~2000). 221
Table 4-24. The list of zooplankton species. 222
Table 4-25. The list of zooplankton species observed in April, 2000. 223
Table 4-26. The list of zooplankton species observed in July, 2000. 223
Table 4-27. The list of zooplankton species observed in September, 2000. 224
Table 4-28. The list of zooplankton species observed in October, 2000. 225
Fig. 2-1. Annual variations of COD in coastal areas(Ministry of Maritime Affairs & Fisheries, 1999). 41
Fig. 2-2. Variations of COD in coastal areas(Ministry of Maritime Affairs & Fisheries, 1999). 42
Fig. 2-3. Annual variations of TN and TP in coastal areas(Ministry of Maritime Affairs & Fisheries, 1999). 43
Fig. 2-4. Variations of heavy metals in surface waters of coastal areas(Ministry of Maritime Affairs & Fisheries, 1999). 44
Fig. 2-5. Variations of dissolved heavy metals in surface waters in coastal areas(Ministry of Maritime Affairs & Fisheries, 1999). 44
Fig. 2-6. Annual variations of COD, TN and TP in Seto Inland Sea. 47
Fig. 3-1. Water sampling stations in Shihwa Lake. 88
Fig. 3-2. Flow diagram for analyses of the total mercury, reactive and pyrite fraction and trace metals(Smith, 1993; Kitano and Hujiyoshi, 1980; Huerta-diaz and Morse, 1990). 89
Fig. 3-3. Vertical profiles of water parameters at st. 5 of Shihwa Lake. 90
Fig. 3-4. Vertical profiles of water parameters at st. 10 of Shihwa Lake. 91
Fig. 3-5. Vertical profiles of water parameters at st. 13 of Shihwa Lake. 92
Fig. 3-6. Vertical profiles of water parameters at st. 16 of Shihwa Lake. 93
Fig. 3-7. Vertical profiles of DIN/PO4 ratio in Shihwa Lake. 94
Fig. 3-8. The relationships of chlorophyll-a and COD in Shihwa Lake. 95
Fig. 3-9. The relationships of chlorophyll-a and POC in Shihwa Lake. 96
Fig. 3-10. Relationship between pyrite-S determined by CrCl₂ reduction and pyrite-Fe determined by sequential extraction in core of st. 13. 97
Fig. 3-11. The spatial distribution of elements analyzed in surface sediments(error bar means standard deviation) 98
Fig. 3-12. Relationship between organic carbon and total resuced sulfur in surface sediments 99
Fig. 3-13. Depth profiles of organic carbon, sulfur and iron in cores of st. 5. White squares and black circles represent data from samples collected in 1999 and 2000, respectively. Short dash stands for interface between normal coastal environment and eu 100
Fig. 3-14. Depth profiles of organic carbon, sulfur and iron in cores of st. 13 Symbols as in Fig. 3-13. 101
Fig. 3-15. Relationship between organic carbon, sulfur and iron in cores of st. 5 102
Fig. 3-16. Relationship between organic carbon, sulfur and iron in cores of st. 13. 103
Fig. 3-17. Depth profiles of DOP and S/C ratio. Symbols as in Fig. 3-13(triangles stands for Spyt/C ratio). Solid lines stands for 0.36, the mean ratio of normal marine sediments 104
Fig. 3-18. Porewater quality analyzed during 1998-2000 in st. 5 105
Fig. 3-19. Porewater quality analyzed during 1998-2000 in st. 13 106
Fig. 3-20. Plots of concentration change of sulfate, ammonium and phosphate in porewaters from st. 5. 107
Fig. 3-21. Plots of concentrations change of sulfate, ammonium and phosphate in porewaters from st. 13. 108
Fig. 3-22. Depth profiles of sedimentary phosphorus extracted by sequential extraction in cores. 109
Fig. 3-23. Depth profiles of calculated and dissoluted TP in cores. 110
Fig. 3-24. The percentage of phosphorus reservoirs in cores. 111
Fig. 3-25. Relationship between reactive-Fe and dissolved P in cores. 112
Fig. 3-26. Relationship between Fe-bound P and iron in cores. 113
Fig. 3-27. Relationship between TP and FeS in cores. 114
Fig. 3-28. Relationship between TP and total reduced sulfur in cores. 115
Fig. 3-29. Spatial distribution of mercury in surface sediments in 1997. 116
Fig. 3-30. Spatial distribution of mercury in surface sediments in 1998. 116
Fig. 3-31. Spatial distribution of mercury in surface sediments in 1999. 117
Fig. 3-32. Concentrations of mercury in surface sediments of tributaries to Shihwa Lake in 1999. 117
Fig. 3-33. Spatial distribution of mercury in surface sediments in 2000. 118
Fig. 3-34. Distribution of mercury in surface sediments during 1997~2000. 118
Fig. 3-35. Correlation between mercury and organic carbon, sulfur and trace metals in surface sediments in 1997. 119
Fig. 3-36. Correlation between mercury and organic carbon, sulfur and trace metals in surface sediments in 1998. 120
Fig. 3-37. Correlation between mercury and organic carbon, sulfur and trace metals in surface sediments in 1999. 121
Fig. 3-38. Correlation between mercury and organic carbon, sulfur and trace metals in surface sediments in 2000. 122
Fig. 3-39. Vertical profiles of mercury in sediment cores at st. 3, 4 and 5 in October, 1997. 123
Fig. 3-40. Vertical profiles of mercury in sediment cores at st. 5, 10 and 13 in June and October, 1999. 123
Fig. 3-41. Vertical profiles of mercury in sediment cores at st. 5, 9 and 13 in August, 2000. 124
Fig. 3-42. Vertical profiles of mercury, organic carbon, sulfur and trace metals in sediment cores at st. 3 in October, 1997. 125
Fig. 3-43. Vertical profiles of mercury, organic carbon, sulfur and trace metals in sediment cores at st. 4 in October, 1997. 126
Fig. 3-44. Vertical profiles of mercury, organic carbon, sulfur and trace metals in sediment cores at st. 4 in October, 1997. 127
Fig. 3-45. Vertical profiles of mercury, organic carbon, sulfur and trace metals in sediment cores at st. 5 in August, 2000. 127
Fig. 3-46. Vertical profiles of mercury, organic carbon, sulfur and trace metals in sediment cores at st. 9 in August, 1997. 128
Fig. 3-47. Vertical profiles of mercury, organic carbon, sulfur and trace metals in sediment cores at st. 13 in August, 1997. 129
Fig. 3-48. Correlation between mercury and organic carbon and trace metals in sediment cores in August, 2000. 130
Fig. 3-49. Vertical profiles of total mercury, reactive and pytite fraction in sediment cores in June, 1999. 131
Fig. 3-50. Vertical profiles of total mercury, reactive and pyrite fraction in sediment cores in August, 2000. 132
Fig. 3-51. Vertical profiles of mercury in porewaters in August, 2000. 133
Fig. 4-1. A map showing the sampling station of meio-and macro-benthos(●) and megabenthos(←) in the Shihwa Lake. 176
Fig. 4-2. The number of individuals of meiobenthos at each stations in the Shihwa lake. 177
Fig. 4-3. The cumulative percentage composition of the number of meiofaunal individuals at each stations in the Shihwa lake. 178
Fig. 4-4. The percentage of main meiofaunal groups at each stations in the Shihwa Lake. 179
Fig. 4-5. The cumulative percentage composition of the number of meiofaunal individuals by sieve mesh size(mm) at each station in the Shihwa Lake. 183
Fig. 4-6. The cumulative percentage composition of the number of meiofaunal individuals by depth at each station in the Shihwa Lake. 184
Fig. 4-7. Dendrogram showing cluster analysis of each station in th Shihwa Lake in May, 2000. 185
Fig. 4-8. Dendrogram showing cluster analysis of each station in th Shihwa Lake in August, 2000. 186
Fig. 4-9. Annual distribution of phytoplankton biomass in surface waters(1994~2000). 187
Fig. 4-10. Abundance of total zooplankton and copepod observed in Shihwa Lake. 188
Fig. 4-11. Abundance of dominant zooplankton species observed in April, 2000. 188
Fig. 4-12. Abundance of dominant zooplankton species observed in April, 2000. 189
Fig. 4-13. Abundance of dominant zooplankton species observed in July, 2000. 189
Fig. 4-14. Abundance of dominant zooplankton species observed in July, 2000. 190
Fig. 4-15. Abundance of dominant zooplankton species observed in September, 2000. 190
Fig. 4-16. Abundance of dominant zooplankton species observed in September, 2000. 191
Fig. 4-17. Abundance of dominant zooplankton species observed in October, 2000. 191
Fig. 4-18. Abundance of dominant zooplankton species observed in October, 2000. 192
Fig. 4-19. A map showing the clustering of stations by zooplankton abundance. 193