목차
표제지=0,1,1
제출문=1,2,2
보고서 초록/최우진=3,4,2
요약문=5,6,4
SUMMARY=9,10,2
목차=11,12,2
CONTENTS=13,14,2
표목차=15,16,6
그림목차=21,22,4
제1장 연구개발과제의 개요=25,26,1
1. 연구개발의 필요성=25,26,2
2. 연구개발 목표=27,28,1
제2장 국내ㆍ외 관련분야 기술개발현황=28,29,1
1. 폐플라스틱 발생 및 처리 현황=28,29,4
2. 폐플라스틱의 재활용 및 처리 방법=31,32,8
3. LCA (Llfe Cycle Assessment) 연구사례=38,39,11
제3장 연구개발 수행 내용 및 결과=49,50,1
1. 전과정 평가(Life Cycle Assessment)=49,50,9
2. 경제성 평가(Economic Assessment)=57,58,8
3. 폐플라스틱 처리ㆍ처 분 시스템 분석=65,66,8
4. 혼합폐플라스틱 재질별 재활용 및 처리방법별 환경성 평가=73,74,36
5. 폐가전제품 재활용(MR)공정 환경성 평가=108,109,11
6. 폐EPS/PSP 재활용 및 처리 방법 별 환경성 평가=119,120,23
7 폐비닐 재활용 및 처리 방법 별 환경성 평가=142,143,15
8. 경제성 평가=157,158,14
9. 환경성ㆍ경제성 통합=170,171,6
10. 최적자원화 전략 수립=176,177,3
11. 종합결론=179,180,2
제4장 연구개발목표 달성도 및 대외기여도=181,182,1
1. 연구개발목표의 달성도=181,182,1
2. 대외기여도=182,183,3
제5장 연구개발결과의 활용계획=185,186,2
제6장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보=187,188,1
1. 스웨덴=187,188,1
2. 일본=188,189,2
3. 미국=190,191,1
4. 독일=191,192,2
제7장 참고문헌=193,194,4
특정연구개발사업 연구결과 활용계획서=197,198,12
영문목차
[title page etc.]=0,1,13
CONTENTS=13,14,12
Chapter 1. Outline of the present work=25,26,1
1. Statement of the problem=25,26,2
2. Objectives=27,28,1
Chapter 2. State of the art=28,29,1
1. Generation and treatment of waste plastics=28,29,4
2. Recycling and disposal of waste plastics=31,32,8
3. Review of LCA study=38,39,11
Chapter 3. Results and discussion=49,50,1
1. Methodology of life cycle assessment=49,50,9
2. Methodology of the economic assessment=57,58,8
3. Recycling and final disposal system=65,66,8
4. Environmental impact assessment for recycling and diaposal methods of mixed waste plastic=73,74,36
5. Environmental impact assessment for recycling process of electric appliances=108,109,11
6. Environmental impact assessment for recycling process of ESP/PSP mixed waste plastics=119,120,23
7. Environmental impact assessment for recycling processes of waste agricultural film=142,143,15
8. Cost-benefit analysis for different recycling methods=157,158,14
9. Integration of environmental impact assessment and economic analysis=170,171,6
10. Proposed recycling policy for waste plastics=176,177,3
11. Summary and conclusions=179,180,2
Chapter 4. Technical achievements and importance of the present work=181,182,1
1. Technical achievements=181,182,1
2. Importance of the present work=182,183,3
Chapter 5. Application of the present work=185,186,2
Chapter 6. Technical information obtained from the present work=187,188,1
1. Sweden=187,188,1
2. Japan=188,189,2
3. U.S.A=190,191,1
4. Germany=191,192,2
Chapter 7. References=193,194,16
Table 1-1 Objectives and contents of the present study=27,28,1
Table 2-1 The status of waste plastics disposal in Japan=28,29,1
Table 2-2 The status of waste plastics disposal in Western Europe=29,30,1
Table 2-3 The status of waste plastics generation and disposal in Korea=29,30,1
Table 2-4 The status of waste plastic recycling companies=30,31,1
Table 2-5 Compatibility for recycling of plastics=37,38,1
Table 2-6 Revision of packaging materials regulations in Germany and material recycling ratio for plastics=39,40,1
Table 2-7 Recent application of LCA studies in Japan=43,44,1
Table 2-8 LCI databases=46,47,1
Table 3-1 Characterization factor for each impact category=55,56,1
Table 3-2 Classification of cost elements for total cost assessment=58,59,1
Table 3-3 Type III,IV,V cost databases=59,60,1
Table 3-4 MSW management costs=60,61,1
Table 3-5 Actual cost and standard cost=64,65,1
Table 3-6 Generation of waste plastics by sources=65,66,1
Table 3-7 Waste plastic recycling by year=66,67,1
Table 3-8 Amount and ratio of recycling for plastics generated from the household=67,68,1
Table 3-9 Amount of PSP/EPS recycling=67,68,1
Table 3-10 Recycling target for packaging plastics by EPR=68,69,1
Table 3-11 Classification of plastic products related to waste treatment=69,70,1
Table 3-12 Discharging method for recyclable products in local governments=70,71,1
Table 3-13 Classification of plastic types for packaging materials=71,72,1
Table 3-14 Collection method and period for recyclable materials in local governments=73,74,1
Table 3-15 Function and functional unit,reference flow=76,77,1
Table 3-16 System boundary for MR=77,78,1
Table 3-17 Data qualify requirements=78,79,1
Table 3-18 Characterization factors for each impact categories in this study=78,79,1
Table 3-19 Upstream and downstream databases for MR=80,81,1
Table 3-20 Inventory for PVC MR(gate to gate)=81,82,1
Table 3-21 Inventory for PE,PP,PS MR(gate to gate)=81,82,1
Table 3-22 Inventory for PET MR(gate to gate)=82,83,1
Table 3-23 Normalization and weighting factors=83,84,1
Table 3-24 Characterized and weighted results for plastics MR=83,84,1
Table 3-25 Waste plastics pyrolysis in domestic=84,85,1
Table 3-26 Upstream and downstream databases for CR=87,88,1
Table 3-27 Inventory for plastics CR(gate to gate)=88,89,1
Table 3-28 Characterized and weighted results for plastics CR=89,90,1
Table 3-29 Upstream and downstream databases for TR=93,94,1
Table 3-30 Constituent of MSW to Incinerator(wet mass)=94,95,1
Table 3-31 Calorific values for each constituents of MSW=94,95,1
Table 3-32 Inventory for plastics TR(gate to gate)=95,96,3
Table 3-33 Characterized and weighted results for plastics TR=98,99,1
Table 3-34 Fuel consumption of heavy equipments=103,104,1
Table 3-35 Inventory for plastics landfill(gate to gate)=104,105,2
Table 3-36 Characterized and weighted results for plastics landfill=105,106,1
Table 3-37 Weighted LCIA results for plastic recycling and treatment methods=107,108,1
Table 3-38 Collection amounts for discarded electric appliances=109,110,1
Table 3-39 Construction schedule for recycle plants=110,111,1
Table 3-40 Components and materials for recycling of discarded refrigerator and washing machine=111,112,1
Table 3-41 Amounts for recycling from discarded electric appliances(2000)=111,112,1
Table 3-42 Recycling ratio for discarded electric appliances=112,113,1
Table 3-43 Function and functional unit=113,114,1
Table 3-44 Total amounts of electricity usage and waste treatment per year=115,116,1
Table 3-45 Electric capacity for recycling facilities=115,116,1
Table 3-46 Electricity allocation for recycling process=115,116,1
Table 3-47 Inventory analysis for material recycling of discarded refrigerator=116,117,1
Table 3-48 Inventory analysis for material recycling of discarded washing machine=116,117,1
Table 3-49 Characterized results for environmental impacts=117,118,1
Table 3-50 Recycling conditions for waste PSP/EPS=120,121,1
Table 3-51 Recycling methods for waste PSP/EPS=121,122,1
Table 3-52 Recycling facilities for waste PSP/EPS=122,123,1
Table 3-53 RDF usages=123,124,1
Table 3-54 RDF production facilities=124,125,1
Table 3-55 Facilities for future RDF demand=125,126,1
Table 3-56 Annual EPS generation=126,127,1
Table 3-57 Recycling of municipal waste plastics(2000)=126,127,1
Table 3-58 Generation and recycling amount of EPS=127,128,1
Table 3-59 Amount of EPS recycling depend on final usage=127,128,1
Table 3-60 Disposal amount of EPS=128,129,1
Table 3-61 Function and functional unit=129,130,1
Table 3-62 The basis of data collection for data quality demand=131,132,1
Table 3-63 Environmental impact categories and equivalency factors=132,133,1
Table 3-64 Upstream and downstream database list=136,137,1
Table 3-65 Experimental data for oil conversion ratio from waste plastics=137,138,1
Table 3-66 Physical properties for RDF manufactured from waste PSP/TPS=138,139,1
Table 3-67 Combustion properties for RDF manufactured from waste PSP/EPS=138,139,1
Table 3-68 Inventory of the material recycling process=139,140,1
Table 3-69 Inventory of the chemical recycling process=139,140,1
Table 3-70 Inventory of the thermal recycling process=140,141,1
Table 3-71 Characterized results for recycling precesses of waste PSP/TPS=140,141,1
Table 3-72 Collection amounts for agricultural films=142,143,1
Table 3-73 Recycling products by using waste LDPE and HDPE=143,144,1
Table 3-74 Intermediate treatment facilities for waste agricultural film=144,145,1
Table 3-75 Material recycling facilities for waste agricultural film=145,146,1
Table 3-76 Blast furnace facilities for waste plastics=146,147,1
Table 3-77 Collection and recycling amounts for waste agricultural film by KORECO=147,148,1
Table 3-78 Final disposal amounts by treatment methods for waste agricultural film=147,148,1
Table 3-79 Total amounts of material recycled from waste film by KORECO=148,149,1
Table 3-80 Component of waste agricultural film=148,149,1
Table 3-81 Function and functional unit,reference flow=149,150,1
Table 3-82 The basis of data collection for data quality demand=150,151,1
Table 3-83 Upstream and downstream databases=152,153,1
Table 3-84 Inventory for the material recycling process=153,154,1
Table 3-85 Inventory for the chemical recycling process=154,155,1
Table 3-86 Inventory for the thermal recycling process(RDF)=154,155,1
Table 3-87 Inventory for the thermal recycling process(blast furnace)=155,156,1
Table 3-88 Characterized and weighted results=155,156,1
Table 3-89 Costs and benefits for recycling/treatment methods=157,158,1
Table 3-90 Comparison model of economic feasibility for mixed plastics recycling methods=158,159,1
Table 3-91 Comparison model of economic feasibility for PSP/EPS recycling methods=158,159,1
Table 3-92 Collection cost for MSW and waste plastics=159,160,1
Table 3-93 Costs and benefits for MR=161,162,1
Table 3-94 Costs and benefits for CR=162,163,1
Table 3-95 Costs and benefits for TR=163,164,1
Table 3-96 Costs and benefits for landfill=164,165,1
Table 3-97 Costs and benefits for MR=165,166,1
Table 3-98 Costs and benefits for CR=166,167,1
Table 3-99 Costs and benefits for RDF=167,168,1
Table 3-100 Comparison of economic costs and benefits for recycling/treatment methods=168,169,1
Table 3-101 Comparison of economic costs and benefits for recycling/treatment methods=169,170,1
Table 4-1 Technical achievements of the current study=181,182,1
Table 4-2 Databases for MR,CR,TR and landfill obtained from the present study=182,183,1
Table 6-1 Sweden and EU targets for waste management=187,188,1
Table 6-2 Participating companies to plastic recycling projects in Japan=188,189,1
Fig. 2-1 Collection system for waste plastics=30,31,1
Fig. 2-2 Classification of plastic recycling=31,32,1
Fig. 2-3 Reduction of environmental impact by using recycled materials=38,39,1
Fig. 2-4 Comparison of material recycle and landfill=42,43,1
Fig. 2-5 Summary of supporting program for waste management=45,46,1
Fig. 3-1 LCA Framework=49,50,1
Fig. 3-2 Definition of function,functional unit and reference flow=50,51,1
Fig. 3-3 System and system boundary=51,52,1
Fig. 3-4 Simplified procedures for inventory analysis=53,54,1
Fig. 3-5 Elements of LCIA=54,55,1
Fig. 3-6 General procedures for LCIA=54,55,1
Fig. 3-7 Procedures of life-cycle interpretation=56,57,1
Fig. 3-8 Conceptual view of cost elements=58,59,1
Fig. 3-9 Generic flow chart of solid waste=61,62,1
Fig. 3-10 Trend of plastic products sales=65,66,1
Fig. 3-11 Recycling rate of waste plastics by different types of plastics=66,67,1
Fig. 3-12 Flow sheet for recycling and disposal of plastics=68,69,1
Fig. 3-13 Collection system for recycling of waste plastics=71,72,1
Fig. 3-14 Recycling process flow for waste plastics=72,73,1
Fig. 3-15 Treatment and disposal system for mixed plastic waste=74,75,1
Fig. 3-16 Material recycling process for mixed plastic waste=75,76,1
Fig. 3-17 System boundary for MR=77,78,1
Fig. 3-18 Process flow diagrams for each plastic MR=79,80,1
Fig. 3-19 System boundary for CR=85,86,1
Fig. 3-20 Process flow diagram for CR=87,88,1
Fig. 3-21 System boundary for TR=90,91,1
Fig. 3-22 Process flow diagram for TR=91,92,1
Fig. 3-23 Waste input of Sudokwon landfill site=99,100,1
Fig. 3-24 System boundary for landfill=99,100,1
Fig. 3-25 Process flow of Sudokwon landfill site=101,102,1
Fig. 3-26 Process flow diagram for landfill=101,102,1
Fig. 3-27 Comparison of abiotic resource depletion for MR,CR,TR and landfill=106,107,1
Fig. 3-28 Comparison of global warming for MR,CR,and TR=107,108,1
Fig. 3-29 Comparison of LCIA results for MR,CR,TR and landfill=108,109,1
Fig. 3-30 Collection and recycling system for discarded electric appliances=108,109,1
Fig. 3-31 Treatment and disposal system Sow for discarded electric appliances=110,111,1
Fig. 3-32 Recycling process for discarded refrigerator and washing machine=110,111,1
Fig. 3-33 Data collection sheet for recycling plant=114,115,1
Fig. 3-34 EPS and PSP production=119,120,1
Fig. 3-35 Collection and disposal system flow for waste PSP/EPS=120,121,1
Fig. 3-36 Recycling process flow for waste PSP/TPS=122,123,1
Fig. 3-37 System boundary of material recycling process=129,130,1
Fig. 3-38 System boundary of chemical recycling process=130,131,1
Fig. 3-39 System boundary of thermal recycling process=130,131,1
Fig. 3-40 Process flow for material recycling process=133,134,1
Fig. 3-41 Process flow for chemical recycling process=134,135,1
Fig. 3-42 Process flow for thermal recycling process=135,136,1
Fig. 3-43 Comparison of LCIA results for MR,CR and TR=141,142,1
Fig. 3-44 Comparison of LCIA results for MR,CR and TR total impact=141,142,1
Fig. 3-45 Collection flow for waste agricultural film=142,143,1
Fig. 3-46 Collection and treatment system flow for waste agricultural film(Naju,etc)=144,145,1
Fig. 3-47 Collection and treatment system flow for waste agricultural film(Hapchon)=144,145,1
Fig. 3-48 Flow sheet for material recycling of waste agricultural film(shiwha)=145,146,1
Fig. 3-49 Process flow of blast furnace=146,147,1
Fig. 3-50 Process flow for material recycling process=150,151,1
Fig. 3-51 Process flow for chemical recycling process=151,152,1
Fig. 3-52 Process flow for thermal recycling process=151,152,1
Fig. 3-53 Comparison of LCIA results for MR,CR,TR(RDF) and TR(Blast Furnace)=156,157,1
Fig. 3-54 CO2 emission of MR,CR and TR process=156,157,1
Fig. 3-55 Economic analysis of MR costs inventory in items=161,162,1
Fig. 3-56 Economic analysis of CR costs inventory in items=162,163,1
Fig. 3-57 Simulation of CR costs under the operation rate increase=163,164,1
Fig. 3-58 Economic analysis of TR costs inventory in items=164,165,1
Fig. 3-59 Economic analysis of landfill costs inventory in items=165,166,1
Fig. 3-60 Economic analysis of MR costs Inventory in items=166,167,1
Fig. 3-61 Economic analysis of CR costs inventory in items=167,168,1
Fig. 3-62 Economic analysis of RDF costs inventory in items=168,169,1
Fig. 3-63 Comparison of economic costs and benefits for MR,CR,TR and landfill=169,170,1
Fig. 3-64 Comparison of economic costs and benefits for MR,CR and TR=169,170,1
Fig. 3-65 Comparison of economic benefits for MR,CR and TR=170,171,1
Fig. 3-66 Environmental index and economic index for MR,CR and TR=171,172,1
Fig. 3-67 Combination index for MR,CR and TR=171,172,1
Fig 3-68 Environmental index and economic index for MR,CR and TR=172,173,1
Fig. 3-69 Combination index for MR,CR and TR=172,173,1
Fig. 3-70 Simulation of environmental and economic index under the CR operation rate increase=173,174,1
Fig. 3-71 Simulation of combination index under the CR operation rate increase=174,175,1
Fig. 3-72 Simulation of environmental & economic index under the TR heat efficiency increase=175,176,1
Fig. 3-73 Simulation of combination index under the TR heat efficiency increase=175,176,1