표제지
제출문
요약문
SUMMARY
목차
Contents 14
제1장 서론 28
제1절 연구의 개요 29
제2절 연구개발의 목적 30
제3절 석유저장탱크 종류별 화재 현상에 관한 고찰 31
1. 석유저장시설의 종류 및 현황 31
2. 위험물 제조소등 화재 발생 현황 39
3. 저장탱크화재의 특성 고찰 43
제4절 국내외 관련 연구 현황 49
1. 탱크 화재 성상에 관한 연구 49
2. 수치해석 및 시뮬레이션 연구 51
제5절 연구의 내용 및 범위 58
제2장 석유 저장 탱크화재의 실험 및 분석 59
제1절 연구의 개요 59
제2절 실험 59
1. 실험장치 59
2. 실험 방법 65
3. 실험 66
제3절 결과 및 고찰 79
제4절 결론 144
제3장 석유저장탱크 화재 시뮬레이션 146
제1절 석유저장탱크 화재시뮬레이션 146
1. 개요 146
2. 연구의 범위 및 방법 147
제2절 이론적 고찰 148
1. 개요 148
2. 모델링 148
3. 소프트웨어의 특징 149
4. 지배방정식 149
제3절 열·연기 시뮬레이션 154
1. 개요 154
2. 시뮬레이션 결과 155
3. 결론 182
제4장 석유 저장 탱크 화재 진압 모델 개발 184
제1절 탱크 화재 사고 사례 수집, 분석 및 DB 구축 184
1. 국내외 사고 사례 수집 및 분석 184
2. 국내외 사고 사례 분석 DB 구축 195
제2절 Tank 화재 관련 모델 분석 196
1. 모델링 관련 주요 용어 설명 196
2. 복사열에 의한 화재 영향 평가 모델링의 일반적인 개요 203
제3절 화재 진압 모델 구축 및 프로그램 개발 205
1. 화재 모델의 프로그램밍 205
2. 탱크 화재관련 소방 및 진압 227
제5장 결론 234
제6장 기대효과 및 활용방안 238
참고문헌 240
부록 245
1. 250L 규모의 pool Fire 실험 사진 245
2. 2500L 규모의 Pool Fire 실험 사진 246
3. 25000L 규모의 Poo1 Fire 실험 사진 247
4. 250L 규모의 유출 화재 실험 사진 249
5. 2500L 규모의 유출 화재 실험 사진 250
6. 복사열 예측 프로그램의 소스 코드(일부 공개) 253
Table 1-1. The number of Underground Storage Tanks 37
Table 1-2. The number of Indoor Storage Tanks 38
Table 1-3. The number of Outdoor Storage Tanks 39
Table 1-4. Foreign National Fire Research Institutes 50
Table 1-5. A summery of Domestic Researches related with Oil Tank... 55
Table 1-6. A summery of Foreign Researches related with Oil Tank... 56
Table 1-7. The Commercial simulation models of oil tank fires 57
Table 2-1. A summery of Experimental Apparatuses 63
Table 2-2. Area and Angle of Flame on Combustion Time 110
Table 2-3. Area and Angle of Flame on Combustion Time 131
Table 2-4. Area and Angle of Flame on Combustion Time 143
Table 4-1. The Ignition Sources of Storage Tank Fires(API) 194
Table 4-2. The Required Vacant Land depending on the Amount of... 228
Table 4-3. The Required distance between Storage Tanks 229
Fig. 1-1. An Example of the Underground Storage Tank 32
Fig. 1-2. A photo of Cone Roof Tank 33
Fig. 1-3. A photo of Floating Roof Tank 34
Fig. 1-4. A Photo of Doom Roof Tank 36
Fig. 1-5. The number of fire incidents in Petroleum Treatment... 40
Fig. 1-6. The number of Injuries Caused by Fire Incidents in... 41
Fig. 1-7. The Property Loss Caused by Fire Incidents tn Petroleum... 42
Fig. 1-8. The Fire Sources in Petroleum Treatment Facilities 43
Fig. 1-9. The Simulation of Oil Tank Fire by H.R.Baum &... 57
Fig. 2-1. A Drawing of the 250ℓ Storage Tank(CRT-Type) 60
Fig. 2-2. A Drawing of the 2500ℓ Storage Tank(CRT-Type) 60
Fig. 2-3. A Drawing of the 25000ℓ Storage Tank 61
Fig. 2-4. A Drawing of the dyike for 250ℓ Storage Tank 62
Fig. 2-5. A Drawing of the dyike for 2500ℓ Storage Tank 62
Fig. 2-6. A picture of Multi-channel Anemomaster, Fire... 64
Fig. 2-7. A Picture of Digital Heat Flux Meter and Recorder 64
Fig. 2-8. The locations of thermocouple and Multi-channel... 67
Fig. 2-9. The locations of thermocouple for Flame temperature... 68
Fig. 2-10. The locations of thermocouple for Liquid temperature... 69
Fig. 2-11. The locations of Heat Flux Sensors for Radiation Heat... 70
Fig. 2-12. The locations of thermocouple and Multi-channel... 72
Fig. 2-13. The locations of thermocouple for Flame temperature... 73
Fig. 2-14. The locations of thermocouple for Liquid temperature... 74
Fig. 2-15. The locations of Heat Flux Sensors for Radiation Heat... 75
Fig. 2-16. The locations of thermocouple and Multi-channel... 77
Fig. 2-17. The locations of Heat Flux Sensors for Radiation Heat... 78
Fig. 2-18. The Atmospheric Temperature Variations depending on... 80
Fig. 2-19. The Atmospheric Temperature Variations depending on... 81
Fig. 2-20. The Atmospheric Temperature Variations depending on... 82
Fig. 2-21. The Atmospheric Temperature Variations depending on... 83
Fig. 2-22. The Atmospheric Temperature Variations depending on... 84
Fig. 2-23. The Atmospheric Temperature Variations depending on... 85
Fig. 2-24. The Atmospheric Temperature Variations depending on... 86
Fig. 2-25. The Atmospheric Temperature Variations depending on... 87
Fig. 2-26. The Atmospheric Temperature Variations depending on... 88
Fig. 2-27. The Atmospheric Temperature Variations depending on... 89
Fig. 2-28. The Atmospheric Temperature Variations depending on... 90
Fig. 2-29. The Atmospheric Temperature Variations depending on... 91
Fig. 2-30. The Variations of Air Velocity depending on the fire... 92
Fig. 2-31. The Variations of Air Velocity depending on the fire... 93
Fig. 2-32. The Variations of Air Velocity depending on the fire... 94
Fig. 2-33. The Variations of Air Velocity depending on the fire... 95
Fig. 2-34. The Variations of Air Velocity depending on the fire... 96
Fig. 2-35. The Variations of Air Velocity depending on the fire... 97
Fig. 2-36. Flame Temperature of depending on the fire time... 99
Fig. 2-37. Flame Temperature of depending on the fire time... 100
Fig. 2-38. Liquid temperature in 250ℓ stroage tank(pool fire) 101
Fig. 2-39. Liquid temperature in 250ℓ stroage tank(spill fire) 102
Fig. 2-40. Heat Flux on Distance from Tank outside wall... 104
Fig. 2-41. Heat Flux on Distance from Tank outside wall... 105
Fig. 2-42. Heat Flux on Distance from Tank outside wall... 106
Fig. 2-43. Heat Flux on Distance from Tank outside vail... 107
Fig. 2-44. Heat Flux on Distance from Tank outside wall in Liquid... 108
Fig. 2-45. Heat Flux on Distance from Tank outside wall... 109
Fig. 2-46. The Atmospheric Temperature Variations depending on the... 112
Fig. 2-47. The Atmospheric Temperature Variations depending on the... 113
Fig. 2-48. The Atmospheric Temperature Variations depending on the... 114
Fig. 2-49. The Atmospheric Temperature Variations depending on the... 115
Fig. 2-50. The Atmospheric Temperature Variations depending on the... 116
Fig. 2-51. The Atmospheric Temperature Variations depending on the... 117
Fig. 2-52. The Variations of Air Velocity depending on the fire... 118
Fig. 2-53. The Variations of Air Velocity depending on the fire... 119
Fig. 2-54. The Variations of Air Velocity depending on the fire... 120
Fig. 2-55. The Variations of Air Velocity depending on the fire... 121
Fig. 2-56. The Variations of Air Velocity depending on the fire... 122
Fig. 2-57. The Variations of Air Velocity depending on the fire... 123
Fig. 2-58. Flame Temperature of depending on the fire time... 124
Fig. 2-59. Liquid temperature in 2500ℓ stroage tank(pool fire) 125
Fig. 2-60. Liquid temperature in 2500ℓ stroage tank(spill fire) 126
Fig. 2-61. Heat Flux on Distance from Tank outside wall... 128
Fig. 2-62. Heat Flux on Distance from Tank outside wall... 129
Fig. 2-63. Heat Flux on Distance from Tank outside wall... 130
Fig. 2-64. The Atmospheric Temperature Variations depending on the... 133
Fig. 2-65. The Atmospheric Temperature Variations depending on the... 134
Fig. 2-66. The Atmospheric Temperature Variations depending on the... 135
Fig. 2-67. The Atmospheric Temperature Variations depending on the... 136
Fig. 2-68. The Atmospheric Temperature Variations depending on the... 137
Fig. 2-69. The Atmospheric Temperature Variations depending on the... 138
Fig. 2-70. The Variations of Air Velocity depending on the fire... 139
Fig. 2-71. The Variations of Air Velocity depending on the fire... 140
Fig. 2-72. The Variations of Air Velocity depending on the fire... 141
Fig. 2-73. Heat Flux on Distance from Tank outside wall... 142
Fig. 3-1-1. Solid sketch of the oil storage tank 157
Fig. 3-1-2. Grid generation 157
Fig. 3-1-3. Radiative flux on the surrounding area 158
Fig. 3-1-4. Ground level radiative flux 159
Fig. 3-1-5. Radiative flux on the tank top 160
Fig. 3-1-6. Smoke view of the oil storage tank 161
Fig. 3-1-7. Flame height of the oil storage tank 161
Fig. 3-1-8. Temperature & flow vector of the center line 162
Fig. 3-1-9. Temperature profiles on four elevations at the tank 163
Fig. 3-1-10. Temperature profiles on four distances at the tank 163
Fig. 3-1-11. Velocity vector of the center line 164
Fig. 3-1-12. Heat release rate of the tank fire 164
Fig. 3-2-1. Solid sketch of the oil storage tank 166
Fig. 3-2-2. Grid generation 166
Fig. 3-2-3. Radiative flux on the surrounding area 167
Fig. 3-2-4. Ground level radiative flux 168
Fig. 3-2-5. Radiative flux on the tank top 168
Fig. 3-2-6. Smoke view of the oil storage tank 169
Fig. 3-2-7. Flame height of the oil storage tank 169
Fig. 3-2-8. Temperature distribution of the center line 170
Fig. 3-2-9. Velocity vector of the center line 170
Fig. 3-2-10. Temperature profiles on the elevations at the tank 171
Fig. 3-2-11. Temperature profiles on the distances at the tank 171
Fig. 3-2-12. Heat release rate of the tank fire 172
Fig. 3-2-13. Heat Loss of the tank fire 172
Fig. 3-3-1. Solid sketch of the oil storage tank 174
Fig. 3-3-2. Grid generation 174
Fig. 3-3-3. Radiative flux on the surrounding area 175
Fig. 3-3-4. Ground level radiative flux 176
Fig. 3-3-5. Radiative flux on the tank top(3m from floor) 176
Fig. 3-3-6. Radiative flux on the tank top(6m from floor) 177
Fig. 3-3-7. Radiative flux on the tank top(10m from floor) 177
Fig. 3-3-8. Smoke view of the oil storage tank 178
Fig. 3-3-9. Flame height of the oil storage tank 178
Fig. 3-3-10. Temperature distribution of the center line 179
Fig. 3-3-11. Velocity vector of the center line 179
Fig. 3-3-12. Temperature profiles on three elevations at the tank 180
Fig. 3-3-13. Temperature profiles on three distances at the tank 180
Fig. 3-3-14. Heat release rate of the tank fire 181
Fig. 3-3-15. Heat Loss of the tank fire 181
Fig. 4-1. The Database Program of Oil Tank Fires 195
Fig. 4-2. The Flame tilt by the wind speed 201
Fig. 4-3. The Required distance between Storage Tanks(IRI) 230