This paper aims to investigate the influence of Mandarin Chinese on the Manchu language by analyzing the meaning and distribution of the nominalizer -niŋ(ŋə) and the past participle -xə, in light of the meaning and the structure of Mandarin Chinese equivalents in the questionnaire used for Kim et al. (2008). From the mid-eighteenth century, the Manchu people began to speak Mandarin Chinese more actively than their own language. Consequently, their language has been heavily influenced by Mandarin Chinese in all linguistic aspects.
I tried to reveal some morphological influences of Mandarin Chinese on the language by clarifying the distribution patterns of the nominalizer -niŋ(ŋə) related to the past participle -xə and comparing it with Mandarin Chinese grammar.
I suggested that the Spoken Manchu grammar was highly influenced by the serial verb construction of Mandarin Chinese. And then, I also suggested that the Manchu nominalizer has been interpreted as an equivalent of the Mandarin Chinese particle de (的).