1942년 10월 조선민족혁명당은 보궐선거를 통해 당선된 자파의원 13
명을 임시의정원 제34차 정기회의에 등원시켰다. 임정을 무시하던 조선
민족혁명당이 참여로 방침을 전환한 것은 독소전쟁(1941.6.22)과 대서양
헌장(1941.8), 태평양전쟁(1941.12)으로 이어지는 국제정세의 급변 때문
이었다. 특히 대서양 헌장 발표를 계기로 유럽의 망명정부들이 동맹국
들로부터 승인을 받자 민족혁명당은 한국 임정도 승인을 받을 것으로
내다봤다. 조선의용대의 북상과 중국 국공합작의 균열도 참여를 재촉하
게 했다.
민족혁명당의 임정참여 논리는 빈약했다. 1941년 10월 민족혁명당이
임시의정원에 진입하려다가 실패한 사건은 한국독립당의 오만함을 드러
냄과 동시에 그들로 하여금 민족혁명당의 저의를 의심하게 한 계기였
다. 34회 회기 내내 민족혁명당이 임정을 빼앗으려 한다는 소문이 끊이
지 않았고 이로 인해 공고한 통일전선 정부의 형성은 지연되었다.
다만 한국광복군 ?9개 준승? 논쟁을 합의로 이끈 것은 성과였다. ?9
개 준승?에 따르면 중국 국민당정부의 의도는 군사위원회로 하여금 광
복군을 임시정부에서 분리시켜 항일전쟁 기간 동안 중국군에 종속시켜
이용하겠다는 것뿐만 아니라 종전 후 한국 내에서까지 광복군의 행동을
장악한다는 내용이 포함되었다. 결국 공통의 위기의식이 한국독립당과
민족혁명당의 합의를 도출하게 했다.
?건국강령? 토론은 신국가의 미래를 보여줄 수 있다는 점에서 중요했
지만 공포의 적법성 여부를 따지는데 집중되었다. 충분히 토론되지 않
았으나 토지국유화 논쟁에서 민족혁명당이 국유화에 반대하고 한국독립
당이 찬성한 것도 의미심장했다.
임시약헌 수개안을 제출한 것은 의외에도 한국독립당이었다. 그러나
한국독립당의 목표는 임시약헌 가운데 회기 안에 선거법 개정만을 요구
한 민족혁명당과 달리 일본의 패망, 도래할 국제정세의 변동까지 반영
한 완전무결한 헌법을 만드는 것이었다. 한독당 우위의 체제하에 명실
상부한 헌법을 만들어 신국가 건설의 지렛대로 삼겠다는 구상이었다.
민족혁명당은 중경의 동포들만으로 시행되는 의원선거의 대표성 문제를
집중적으로 부각하면서 선거구를 중국 전역과 미주, 노령까지 확대해야
한다고 주장했다. 임시약헌 수개를 둘러싼 논쟁은 정당정치에 의한 민
주주의 발전의 가능성을 보여준다.The Chosun People’s Revolutionary Party made 13 members, who were
elected in by-elections, of its own party attend the 34th regular session of
the provisional legislature. The Chosun People’s Revolutionary Party
ignored the Provisional Government so far, however, the reason why it
decided to take part in the regular session changing its policy resulted
from the rapidly changing world situation like the Russo-German War
(June 22, 1941), the Atlantic Charter (August, 1941) and the Pacific War
(December, 1941). In particular, as the provisional governments of several
countries in Europe were recognized by the Allied Nations, the Chosun
People’s Revolutionary Party foresaw that the Provisional Government of
Korea would be recognized by them, too. The Chosun Volunteer Army’s
moving northward and Chinese Kuomintang-Communist cooperation urged
them to take part in the Provisional Government.
The logic of its participation in the Provisional Government was poor.
The case that the Chosun People’s Revolutionary Party failed in entering
the provisional legislature disclosed the arrogant attitude of the Korea
Independence Party as well as created an opportunity to make the
members of the Korea Independence Party doubt the real intention of the
Chosun People’s Revolutionary Party. During the 34th session there was a
rumor that the Chosun People’s Revolutionary Party tried to deprive the
Provisional Government of its power. Therefore the formation of the
government with the firm united front was delayed.
The only result was the agreement of “the 9 fixed rules” of the Korea
Liberation Army. According to “the 9 fixed rules”, the intention of the
Kuomintang government of China was to make its Armed Services
Committee separate the Korea Liberation Army from the Provisional
Government and subordinate the Korean Army to the Chinese Army for
some time, and exploit it. And also it included the contents that the
Kuomintang government would assume the reins of the Korea Liberation
Army even in Korea after World War II. In the end, the common sense of
crisis made the Korea Independence Party and the Chosun People’s
Revolutionary Party reach agreement.
The discussion of the program of founding a country was important in
the point that it could show the people the future of a new country,
however, it was focused on calling in question whether its promulgation
was legal. Although the issue of the nationalization of land was not
thoroughly discussed, it was meaningful that the Chosun People’s
Revolutionary Party opposed nationalization, but the Korea Independence
Party was in favor of it.
Unexpectedly several articles of a temporary constitution were presented
by the Korea Independence Party. But differing from the request of the
Chosun People’s Revolutionary Party which wanted to amend election law
only in session, the aim of the Korea Independence Party was to establish
a perfect constitution reflecting Japan’s defeat and the change of the
international situation. The Korea Independence party had a plan to
establish a real constitution under its dominant system and make it a lever
to build up a new nation with it. Thoroughly bring into relief the issue of
the representativeness of the election of the assemblymen who were
elected by Korean residents in Chungking, the Chosun People’s
Revolutionary Party claimed to expand the electoral districts to all the area
in China, America and Russia. The dispute on several articles of the
temporary constitution showed us the possibility of democracy
development by party politics.