표제지
ABSTRACT
목차
Ⅰ. 서론 15
Ⅱ. 연구사 17
1. 국내 유기성 폐기물 발생 및 처리 현황 17
2. 혐기성 소화(Anaerobic digestion, AD) 19
2.1. 혐기성 소화 메커니즘 19
2.2. 혐기성 미생물 22
2.3. 혐기성 소화의 운전 인자 23
2.4. 혐기성 소화의 저해 인자 25
3. 수분퍼텐셜(Water potential, Ψ) 28
3.1. 수분퍼텐셜의 개념 28
3.2. 수분퍼텐셜 구배에 의한 저해 기작 31
3.3. 수분퍼텐셜 구배에 대한 순응 기작 33
Ⅲ. 재료 및 방법 34
1. 실험 Ⅰ: 혐기성 소화 공정의 수분퍼텐셜 영향 인자 분석 34
1.1. 공시시료 및 성상 34
1.2. 상관관계 분석 39
2. 실험 Ⅱ: 수분퍼텐셜이 혐기적 메탄생성에 미치는 영향 규명 40
2.1. 성상 분석 40
2.3. 수분퍼텐셜에 의한 혐기적 메탄생성 특성 44
2.4. 분석 방법 48
2.5. 통계분석 50
Ⅳ. 결과 및 고찰 51
1. 실험 Ⅰ: 혐기성 소화 공정의 수분퍼텐셜 영향 인자 분석 51
1.1. 성상 분석결과 51
1.2. 상관관계 분석결과 62
2. 실험 Ⅱ: 수분퍼텐셜이 혐기적 메탄생성에 미치는 영향 규명 66
2.1. TVFAs 분석 66
2.2. 수분퍼텐셜 분석 68
2.3. 이론적 메탄퍼텐셜 분석 71
2.4. 생화학적 메탄퍼텐셜 분석 71
Ⅴ. 결론 81
Ⅵ. 참고문헌 83
국문요약 92
부록 93
Table 1. Amount of livestock manure generation and management (2020) 17
Table 2. Amount of food waste generation and management (2020) 18
Table 3. Amount of sewage sludge generation and management (2020) 18
Table 4. Status of biogas plant using organic waste resources (2021) 18
Table 5. Stimulatory and inhibitory concentrations of alkali and alkaline-earth cations on anaerobic digestion 27
Table 6. Operation status of the anaerobic digester of biogas plant 35
Table 7. Operating conditions of GC for TVFAs 36
Table 8. Operating conditions of ICP-OES for water-soluble cation 38
Table 9. Operating conditions of IC for water-soluble anion 39
Table 10. Chemical composition of inoculum 44
Table 11. Water potential of experimental group on KCl added anaerobic batch test 46
Table 12. Operating conditions of GC for composition of biogas 46
Table 13. Water potential of experimental group on PEG 4000 added anaerobic batch test 47
Table 14. Mean, median, maximum and minimum among characteristics of raw materials 54
Table 15. Mean, median, maximum and minimum among characteristics of anaerobic digestate 56
Table 16. Mean, median, maximum and minimum among water potential, practical salinity and soluble-ion concentrations of raw materials 59
Table 17. Mean, median, maximum and minimum among water potential, practical salinity and soluble-ion concentrations of anaerobic digestate 61
Table 18. Pearson correlation coefficient between water potential and characteristics of raw materials and anaerobic digestate 64
Table 19. Chemical formula and theoretical methane potential of substrate. 71
Table 20. Ultimate methane yield and modified Gompertz model parameters according to water potential of KCl treatment groups for BMP test 75
Table 21. Ultimate methane yield and modified Gompertz model parameters according to water potential of different treatment groups for BMP test 78
Fig. 1. Mechanism of anaerobic digestion 19
Fig. 2. Mechanism of hemolysis 31
Fig. 3. Mechanism of plasmolysis 32
Fig. 4. Mechanism of cytorrhysis 33
Fig. 5. WP4C Dewpoint PotentioMeter for water potential 37
Fig. 6. Electrical conductivity meter for practical salinity 38
Fig. 7. Interpretation of Pearson's correlation coefficient 39
Fig. 8. Influence of concentrations ([A]: 10%, [B]: 25%, and [C]: 50% (w/v)) of KCl and PEG 4000 on water potential according to Duncan test... 41
Fig. 9. Relationship between concentration of KCl and water potential 43
Fig. 10. Relationship between concentration of PEG 4000 and water potential 43
Fig. 11. Serum bottle for anaerobic batch test 46
Fig. 12. Schematic diagram of anaerobic batch test for water potential amended with KCl and PEG 4000 48
Fig. 13. Characteristics of raw materials 53
Fig. 14. Characteristics of anaerobic digestate 55
Fig. 15. Water potential, practical salinity and soluble-ion concentrations of raw materials 58
Fig. 16. Water potential, practical salinity and soluble-ion concentrations of anaerobic digestate 60
Fig. 17. TVFAs according to fermentation time of BMP test for KCl treatment groups (Control: Inoculum + Substrate + Distilled water, K: Inoculum + Substrate + ①0.24, ②0.51, ③1.02,... 67
Fig. 18. TVFAs according to fermentation time of BMP test for PEG 4000 treatment groups (Control: Inoculum + Substrate, P: Inoculum + Substrate + ①22.75, ②31.85, ③35.75, ④39.00 (v/v)... 68
Fig. 19. Water potential according to fermentation time of BMP test for KCl treatment groups (Control: Inoculum + Substrate + Distilled water, K: Inoculum + Substrate + ①0.24, ②0.51, ③1.02, ④... 69
Fig. 20. Water potential according to fermentation time of BMP test for PEG 4000 treatment groups (Control: Inoculum + Substrate, P: Inoculum + Substrate + ①22.75, ②31.85, ③35.75, ④39.00... 70
Fig. 21. Linear regression graph between TVFAs and water potential 70
Fig. 22. Nonlinear regression graph between water potential and methane potential of KCl treatment groups 72
Fig. 23. Nonlinear regression graph between water potential and methane potential of PEG 4000 treatment groups 72
Fig. 24. Methane yield curves of KCl treatment groups according to concentrations of K⁺ by modified Gompertz model 74
Fig. 25. Methane yield curves of PEG 4000 treatment groups according to concentrations of PEG 4000 by modified Gompertz model 77
Fig. 26. Maximum methane production variation ratio by modified Gompertz model of PEG 4000 and KCl treatment compared to control 80
Fig. 27. Maximum methane production rate variation ratio by modified Gompertz model of PEG 4000 and KCl treatment compared to control 80