Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
CHAPTER 1. Introduction 12
1.1. Motivation 13
1.2. Objectives 14
1.3. Thesis Organization 15
CHAPTER 2. Design of a triboelectric nanogenerator 17
2.1. Literature Review 18
2.2. Design for pyramid based TENG materials 20
2.2.1. Conductive Electrode 20
2.2.2. Positive dielectric layer 21
2.2.3. Negative dielectric layer 22
CHAPTER 3. Modeling and simulation 25
3.1. The fundamental theory of contact-separation mode of TENG 26
3.2. Methodology 31
3.3. COMSOL simulation of TENG using a different surface pattern. 32
3.3.1. Geometry of TENG 32
3.3.2. 2D mesh 32
3.3.3. Parametric sweep based stationary simulation study 32
3.4. COMSOL simulation of TENG using the different dielectric thickness 37
3.4.1. Geometry of TENG 37
3.4.2. 2D mesh 37
3.4.3. Parametric stationary simulation study 37
3.5. COMSOL simulation of TENG using a different pitches 41
3.5.1. Geometry of TENG 41
3.5.2. 2D mesh 41
3.5.3. Parametric stationary simulation study 41
3.6. COMSOL simulation of TENG using a different widths 44
3.6.1. Geometry of TENG 44
3.6.2. 2D mesh 44
3.6.3. Parametric stationary simulation study 44
3.7. COMSOL simulation of TENG using the different heights 47
3.7.1. Geometry of TENG 47
3.7.2. 2D mesh 47
3.7.3. Parametric stationary simulation study 47
CHAPTER 4. Overall electrical outputs of triboelectric nanogenerator 50
4.1. Effects of different surface patterns (Plain, Pillar, Dome, Pyramid) 51
4.2. Effects of different dielectric layer thicknesse 54
4.3. Effects of different pitches: 57
4.4. Effects of different widths: 59
4.5. Effects of heights: 61
CHAPTER 5. Conclusions and future work 64
5.1. Conclusions 65
5.2. Future Work Suggestions 66
5.3. List of publications by the author 67
References 68
Table 3.1. Considered geometries for calculation of contact-separation TENG's electrical output 33
Table 3.2. Material properties used during simulation. 33
Table 3.3. Considered geometries of micropatterns on the surface of a bottom dielectric layer 36
Table 3.4. Parameters for contact-separation TENG's operation. 36
Table 4.1. Comparison of TENG outputs for plain surface and three different patterned surfaces. 54
Table 4.2. Peak electrical output for varying different dielectric thicknesses. 57
Table 4.3. Peak electrical output for varying pitches of pyramid microstructure. 59
Table 4.4. Peak electrical output for varying widths of pyramid microstructure. 61
Table 4.5. Peak electrical output for varying heights of pyramid microstructure. 63
Fig. 2.1. Schematic diagram showing the Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG), surface engineering, and application. 19
Fig. 2.2. Motivation behind pyramid microstructure triboelectric nanogenerator 20
Fig. 2.3. Triboelectric series. All known materials have different charge affinities and exhibit a contact electrification when two materials are contacted. Positive (or negative) means... 24
Fig. 3.1. Basic structure and model of a contact-mode TENG. (a) dielectric-to-dielectric contact mode TENG; (b) schematic diagram of the contact-separation TENG with surface micro... 27
Fig. 3.2. 3D mathematical modeling of a TENG considering quasi-electrostatic model. (a) cartesian coordinate system with unit vectors ex, ey, and ez along (x,y,z). (b) a set of finite-sized...[이미지참조] 30
Fig. 3.3. Flow chart of finite element analysis during COMSOL simulation. 31
Fig. 3.4. Geometry of different patterns-based contact-separation mode TENG. (a) Plain surface. (b) Dome surface. (c) Pillar surface. (d) Pyramid surface. 34
Fig. 3.5. Mesh analysis of different patterns-based contact-separation mode TENG. (a) Plain surface. (b) Dome surface. (c) Pillar surface. (d) Pyramid surface. 34
Fig. 3.6. Electric potential distribution of plain surface and patterned surface based TENG devices. Bottom dielectric surface of(a) Plain surface. (b) Dome surface. (c) Pillar surface. (d)... 35
Fig. 3.7. Geometry of different thickness of bottom dielectric surface. (a) 40 µm (b) 80 µm (c) 120 µm (d) 160 µm and (e) 200 µm. 39
Fig. 3.8. Mesh analysis of the different thicknesses of the bottom dielectric surface. (a) 40 µm (b) 80 µm (c) 120 µm (d) 160 µm and (e) 200 µm 39
Fig. 3.9. Electric potential distribution of different thickness of bottom dielectric surface. (a) 40 µm (b) 80 µm (c) 120 µm (d) 160 µm and (e) 200 µm. 40
Fig. 3.10. Geometry of different pitch based TENG when width and height of pyramid are fixed (a) 20 µm (b) 40 µm (c) 60 µm (d) 80 µm and (e) 100 µm. 42
Fig. 3.11. Mesh analysis of different pitch based TENG when width and height of pyramid are fixed (a) 20 µm (b) 40 µm (c) 60 µm (d) 80 µm and (e) 100 µm 42
Fig. 3.12. Electric potential distribution of different pitch based TENG when width and height of pyramid are fixed (a) 100 µm (b) 80 µm (c) 60 µm (d) 40 µm and (e) 20 µm. 43
Fig. 3.13. Geometry of different width based TENG when pitch and height of pyramid are fixed (a) 20 µm (b) 40 µm (c) 60 µm (d) 80 µm and (e) 100 µm. 45
Fig. 3.14. Mesh analysis of different width based TENG when pitch and height of pyramid are fixed (a) 20 µm (b) 40 µm (c) 60 µm (d) 80 µm and (e) 100 µm. 45
Fig. 3.15. Electric potential distribution of different width based TENG when pitch and height of pyramid are fixed (a) 100 µm (b) 80 µm (c) 60 µm (d) 40 µm and (e) 20 µm. 46
Fig. 3.16. Geometry of different height based TENG when pitch and width of pyramid are fixed (a) 20 µm (b) 40 µm (c) 60 µm (d) 80 µm and (e) 100 µm. 48
Fig. 3.17. Mesh analysis of different height based TENG when pitch and width of pyramid are fixed (a) 20 µm (b) 40 µm (c) 60 µm (d) 80 µm and (e) 100 µm. 48
Fig. 3.18. Electric potential distribution of different height based TENG when pitch and width of the pyramid are fixed. (a) 20 µm (b) 40 µm (c) 60 µm (d) 80 µm and (e) 100 µm 49
Fig. 4.1. The electrical output of TENGs considers plain and three patterned surface. (a) Open-circuit voltage versus separation distance between two dielectric layers. (b) Short-circuit charge... 53
Fig. 4.2. The electrical output of TENGs considers five different thickness of bottom dielectric layer. (a) Open-circuit voltage versus separation distance between two dielectric layers. (b)... 56
Fig. 4.3. The electrical output of TENGs considers five different widths based TENGs when pitch and height are fixed. (a) Open-circuit voltage versus separation distance between two... 58
Fig. 4.4. Electrical output of TENGs considering five different widths based TENGS when pitch and height are fixed. (a) Open-circuit voltage versus separation distance between two... 60
Fig. 4.5. The electrical output of TENGs considers five different height based TENGs when pitch and width are fixed. (a) Open-circuit voltage versus separation distance between two... 62