Title Page
Abstract
Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction 12
1.1. Background of the Study 12
1.2. Statement of the Problem 16
1.3. Aims of the Study 19
1.4. Significance of the Study 21
1.5. Hypotheses and Research Questions 22
1.6. Organization of the Study 23
Chapter 2. Literature Review 26
2.1. Overview of Collocations 26
2.1.1. Definitions and Characteristics of Collocations 26
2.1.2. Corpora and Collocations 33
2.1.3. Terminology Related to Collocations 36
2.1.4. Types of Collocations 40
2.1.5. Ambiguity of Collocation 42
2.1.6. Significance of Collocations 43
2.2. Theoretical Framworks for Collocational Knowledge 45
2.2.1. Implicit Knowledge and Explicit Knowledge 45
2.2.2. Receptive and Productive Vocabulary Knowledge 51
2.2.3. Relations Between Receptive and Productive Vocabulary Knowledge 54
2.2.4. Language Proficiency and Collocational Knowledge 56
2.2.5. Collocation Instruction 60
2.3. Summary of the Literature Review 70
Chapter 3. Methodology 73
3.1. Operationalization of the Study 73
3.2. Design: A Single-Group Quasi-Experimental Design 73
3.3. Participants 76
3.4. Instructional Materials 77
3.4.1. Extraction of the Target Lexical Collocations: 'Verb + Noun' Collocations 77
3.4.2. Contextualized and Decontextualized Tools 82
3.4.3. Exercise Sets 84
3.5. Test Tools 86
3.5.1. The Quick Placement Test 87
3.5.2. The Pre-tests 87
3.5.3. The Post-tests 88
3.6. Data Collection Procedure 88
3.6.1. Scoring 97
3.7. Data Analysis 99
3.8. Summary of the Methodology 101
Chapter 4. Results 105
4.1. Results of the QPT 105
4.2. Results of Research Question 1 108
4.3. Results of Research Question 2 112
4.4. Results of Research Question 3 117
4.5. Summary of Results 119
4.6. Discussion 121
4.6.1. Discussion for Research Question 1 122
4.6.2. Discussion of Research Question 2 124
4.6.3. Discussion of the Research Question 3 126
Chapter 5. Conclusion 128
5.1. Conclusion: Summary of the Results 128
5.2. Limitations 130
5.3. Pedagogical implications and suggestions for future research 132
References 136
초록 161
Appendices 164
APPENDIX Ⅰ 164
APPENDIX Ⅱ 166
APPENDIX Ⅲ 167
APPENDIX Ⅳ 177
APPENDIX Ⅴ 179
APPENDIX Ⅵ 180
APPENDIX Ⅶ 184
APPENDIX Ⅷ 186
APPENDIX Ⅸ 188
APPENDIX Ⅹ 189
APPENDIX Ⅺ 191
Table 1. Types of Collocation Classification 40
Table 2. The Contextualized and Decontextualized Practice Procedure 82
Table 3. Textual Background and Word Frequency Levels of TED Talks 1-4 86
Table 4. Test Tools and Instrumental Tools 89
Table 5. The Distribution of CEFR Levels of QPT Results 106
Table 6. Descriptors of CEFR Levels 107
Table 7. The Comparison of the Score Level of CEFR with TOEFL & IELTS 108
Table 8. Descriptive Analysis of Receptive/Productive Collocational Knowledge Tests 109
Table 9. Descriptive Analysis of Written Collocation Tests 112
Table 10. The Results of ANOVA 112
Table 11. Descriptive Analysis of Speaking Tasks 113
Table 12. The Results of Multivariate Tests 115
Table 13. Tests of Between-Subjects Effects 116
Table 14. The Results of Post-hoc Pairwise Comparisons (Scheffé) 117
Table 15. Descriptive Analysis of All Dependent Variables 118
Table 16. Correlations Among All the Dependent Variables 119
Figure 1. Collocation and Related Field of Inquiry 32
Figure 2. Basic Research Model 76
Figure 3. The Image of Verb-Noun Collocation Samples Found on COCA 80
Figure 4. The Study Process 90
Figure 5. Frequent Repetition Based on the Explicit Collocation Instruction 93
Figure 6. Data Collection Procedure 97
Figure 7. Score Patterns of the Written Tests 111
Figure 8. Score Patterns of the Speaking Tasks 115