Title Page
Contents
I. Introduction 9
II. Material & Methods 12
1. Experimental animal 12
2. Sensory stimulation protocol 14
3. Behavior test 16
1) Morris water maze test 16
2) The Y maze test 16
4. Histological analysis 19
1) Immunohistochemistry 19
2) Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick and labeling (TUNEL) assay 20
5. Biochemical analysis 20
1) Acetylcholine assay 20
2) Apoptotic protein assay 21
6. Statistical analysis 22
III. Results 23
1. Behavioral testing 23
(1) Morris water maze test (MWM) 23
(2) Y-maze test (YM) 27
2. Histological analysis 30
(1) Immunohistochemistry 30
(2) Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick and labeling (TUNEL) assay 33
3. Biochemical analysis 36
4. Western blot 39
IV. Discussion 42
V. Conclusion 49
VI. Reference 50
VII. Abstract (Korean) 56
VII. Abstract (English) 58
Table 1. Results of the Morris water maze in the ApoE4-KI mice after auditory and audiovisual stimulation. 24
Table 2. Results of the Y-maze test in the ApoE4-KI mice after auditory and audio-visual stimulation. 28
Table 3. The amyloid beta expression levels in the ApoE4-KI mouse after auditory and audio-visual stimulation. 31
Table 4. TUNEL positivity in ApoE4-KI mice after auditory and audiovisual stimulation. 34
Table 5. Acetylcholine levels in ApoE4-KI mice after auditory and audiovisual stimulation. 37
Table 6. Apoptosis-related proteins in ApoE4-KI mice after auditory and audiovisual stimulation. 40
Figure 1. Experimental timeline. 13
Figure 2. Chamber system and synapse software for auditory and audio visual stimulation. 15
Figure 3. Behavioral tests. 18
Figure 4. Results of the Morris water maze in the ApoE4-KI mice after auditory and audiovisual stimulation. 26
Figure 5. Results of the Y-maze test in ApoE4-KI mice after auditory and audiovisual stimulation. 29
Figure 6. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) expression in ApoE4-KI mice after auditory and audiovisual stimulation. 32
Figure 7. TUNEL positivity in ApoE4-KI mice after auditory and audio visual stimulation. 35
Figure 8. Acetylcholine levels in ApoE4-KI mice after auditory and audio visual stimulation. 38
Figure 9. Apoptosis-related proteins in ApoE4-KI mice after auditory and audio visual stimulation. 41