Title Page
Abstract
Contents
1. Chapter 1 14
1.1. Introduction 14
1.1.1. Country Background 14
1.1.2. Fuel situation in Zimbabwe 16
1.1.3. Vehicle stock in Zimbabwe 17
1.1.4. Urban public transport problems in Zimbabwe 17
2. Chapter 2 19
2.1. Purpose of the thesis 19
2.2. Hypothesis 19
2.3. Significant research outcomes 20
2.4. Objective 22
2.5. Methodology 22
2.5.1. SWOT Analysis method 22
2.5.2. AHP method 23
2.5.3. Benchmarking 24
2.6. Limitations of the thesis 24
3. Chapter 3: Thesis topic-related literature review 26
3.1. Transport and the economy 26
3.2. Korea transport system 31
3.3. Challenges faced in most urban areas in Zimbabwe 32
3.4. Basic urban area road infrastructure 34
3.5. Korean Transport Infrastructure 35
3.5.1. Korea urban transport information system 38
3.6. Speed, Time, and Distance in transport systems 41
3.7. Zimbabwe Inputs to the transport sector 42
3.8. Sustainable Transportation (environment, sustainability, and internet) 44
3.9. Achieving sustainable transport 51
3.10. Avoid-Shift-Improve Method to sustainable transportation. 53
3.11. Transport Digitalization in Zimbabwe 55
3.12. Zimbabwe Commitments and Sustainable Transport 57
3.13. Implications of adopting urban passenger sustainable transport 62
3.14. Indonesia Emissions reduction from modal shift - Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) System. 65
3.15. Green Transportation Pyramid 68
4. Chapter 4 72
4.1. Lesson learnt and Summary of Results 72
4.2. Models and analysis - SWOT AHP analysis 74
4.3. Interpretation of the results and comparison with the past studies 94
5. Chapter 5 97
5.1. Conclusions 97
5.2. Summary of the results 97
5.3. Limitations of the study 99
6. References 100
7. Appendices 109
7.1. Appendix 1. Strengths Results. 109
7.2. Appendix 2. Weaknesses 115
7.3. Appendix 3. Opportunities 121
7.4. Appendix 4. Threats Results 127
7.5. Appendix 5. The Questionnaire 133
7.6. Appendix 6. Scale of Importance 136
Table 1. Advantages and disadvantages of AHP 23
Table 2. Korea transport cost 38
Table 3. Urban transport demand 42
Table 4. Transport infrastructure in Zimbabwe 43
Table 5. Biomass resource in Zimbabwe 48
Table 6. Mineral extraction and business increase in Zimbabwe 58
Table 7. Policies for the transport sector in Zimbabwe 61
Table 8. Increase in electricity demand by EV introducing countries 64
Table 9. Pollution reduction 67
Table 10. SWOT analysis template 77
Table 11. SWOT Factors 81
Table 12. Selected factors 84
Table 13. Profiling of experts 85
Table 14. Normalized Multi-factor Method results 87
Table 15. AHP problem solving hierarchy 87
Table 16. Importance Scale 89
Table 17. Expert 1 strengths results 89
Table 18. AHP pairwise results 90
Table 19. Random Consistency Index 91
Table 20. Consistency Ratio by experts 92
Table 21. Normalized Multi-factor and Pairwise comparison and middling 93
Table 22. Sustainable Urban Transport strategies for Zimbabwe 94
Table 23. Results- Strategies 98
Table 24. The questionnaire 135
Table 25. Scale of Importance 136
Figure 1. Transport Situation in Zimbabwe 14
Figure 2. ZERA fuel prices for October 2022 16
Figure 3. Vehicle stock in Zimbabwe 17
Figure 4. Emissions by sector in Zimbabwe 18
Figure 5. Hypothesis diagram 20
Figure 6. Transport as derived demand 28
Figure 7. The relationship between transport and economy 31
Figure 8. Korea transport system development 31
Figure 9. pie chart showing traffic congestion in Zimbabwe. 33
Figure 10. Vision of Korean transportation system 35
Figure 11. Goal for Korean transportation system 36
Figure 12. Korean transport stock 36
Figure 13. Korea transport system 37
Figure 14. Bus technology stock in Korea 38
Figure 15. TOPIS configuration - Korea 39
Figure 16. Korean public transport information system 40
Figure 17. Transportation inputs and outputs 42
Figure 18. ICE bans for cars 45
Figure 19. GHG mitigation potential of the energy sector amounting to 10.8 MtCO2e in 2030 46
Figure 20. Sustainable transport benefits 51
Figure 21. Pillars of Sustainable transport 52
Figure 22. Avoid-Shift- Improve Instruments 54
Figure 23. Example of Avoid Shift Improve 56
Figure 24. Additional tax revenue displacement 62
Figure 25. Fuel tax contribution to revenue 63
Figure 26. Electricity demand against oil displacement 64
Figure 27. Avoided GHG emissions 65
Figure 28. Transport system ran according to class 66
Figure 29. Modal shift by Indonesians 67
Figure 30. Green transport pyramid 68
Figure 31. Pillars in green transportation pyramid 70
Figure 32. SWOT factors 81
Figure 33. Step-Triangle Model 95
Figure 34. Results- Step Triangle Model 98
Equation 1. Steam reforming reaction 48
Equation 2. Gas shift reaction 48
Equation 3. Consistency Ratio 90
Equation 4. Consistency Index 91