Title Page
ABSTRACT
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
Contents
CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 19
1.1. Background of the study 19
1.2. Problem statement 21
1.3. Research questions 22
1.4. Hypothesis 22
1.5. Objectives of the study 22
1.5.1. General objective 22
1.5.2. Specific objectives 23
1.6. Significance of the study 23
1.6.1. Personal significance 23
1.6.2. Academic and scientific interest 23
1.6.3. Economic interest 23
1.7. Scope of the study 24
1.7.1. Time scope 24
1.7.2. Scope in domain 24
1.8. Structure of the study 24
CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 25
2.1. Introduction 25
2.2. Definition of key terms 25
2.2.1. Leadership 25
2.2.2. Transformational leadership 26
2.2.3. Poverty 26
2.2.4. Poverty reduction 27
2.2.5. Development 29
2.2.6. Sustainable development 29
2.3. Theoretical framework on Transformational leadership 30
2.3.1. Achievement Motivation Theory 30
2.3.2. Theory X and Theory Y 30
2.3.3. Leadership Style Theory 31
2.3.4. Transformational Theory 32
2.4. Empirical Review on Transformational leadership 37
2.4.1. Relationship between Transformational leadership and poverty reduction 37
2.4.2. Impact of transformational leadership to sustainable development 39
2.5. An overview of Rwanda's Leadership and governance 43
2.6. Some programmes of poverty reduction in Rwanda 47
2.7. Conceptual framework on Transformational Leadership 49
2.8. Summary 50
CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 51
3.1. Introduction 51
3.2. Research design 51
3.3. Population of the study 51
3.4. Sampling 52
3.4.1. Sample size 52
3.5. Data Collection Methods 53
3.6. Data collection instruments 53
3.7. Data analysis and presentation 53
3.8. Validity and Reliability of data 54
3.8.1. Validity of the instrument 54
3.8.2. Reliability of the instrument 54
3.9. Ethical Consideration 54
CHAPTER 4. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 55
4.0. Introduction 55
4.1. Identification of the respondents 55
4.1.1. Age of Respondents 56
4.1.2. Gender of respondents 57
4.1.3. Education of respondents 58
4.2. Transformational leadership and poverty reduction 60
4.2.1. Understanding Transformational Leadership measurements among Rwandans 61
4.2.3. Home grown solutions introduced by Transformational Leadership for poverty reduction 66
4.4. Achievements realised in line with Transformational Leadership for sustainable development 94
4.4.1. Vision 2020 94
4.4.2. Cross-cutting issues 102
4.4.3. National Strategy for Transformation 105
4.4.4. Vision 2050 106
4.5. Challenges faced while implementing Transformational Leadership for poverty reduction 107
4.5.1. Challenges faced in implementing Transformational Leadership in relationship to poverty reduction 108
4.5.2. Some strategies that can be undertaken to overcome those challenges 115
CHAPTER 5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 123
5.1. Introduction 123
5.2. Summary of Findings 123
5.3. Suggestion 126
5.3.1. Suggestions to beneficiaries of Poverty Reduction Programmes 126
5.3.2. Suggestions to local leaders having poverty reduction programmes in their responsibilities 127
5.3.3. Suggestions to other researchers 128
5.3.4. Conclusion and Recommendations 128
REFERENCES 130
APPENDICES 134
요약 147
Table 3.1. Sample size 52
Table 4.1. Age of Respondents 56
Table 4.2. Gender of Respondents 58
Table 4.3. Education of respondents 59
Table 4.4. Understanding Transformational Leadership measurements among Rwandans 62
Table 4.5. Categorisation of Ubudehe 70
Table 4.6. Economic situation of respondents over last 15 years 73
Table 4.7. Support given 74
Table 4.8. Purpose of assistance 88
Table 4.9. Purpose of assistance 90
Table 4.10. Challenges faced in implementing Transformational Leadership in relationship to poverty reduction 108
Table 4.11. Strategies to Overcome Challenges Faced in Implementing Transformational Leadership in Relationship to Poverty Reduction 115