Title Page
Abstract
Contents
I. Introduction 12
1.1. Background 12
1.2. Research Question 12
II. Related Work 14
2.1. Human Behavior Model 14
2.2. An Excessive Using Problem Solution in HCI Area 16
2.3. Visual Metaphor for Behavior Change 17
III. Design Rationale 18
3.1. Design Workshop 18
3.2. Workshop Result 19
3.3. Design 21
3.4. Implementation 23
IV. User Study 25
4.1. Study Goal 25
4.2. Participant 25
4.3. Deployment 26
4.4. Data and Analysis 27
V. Result 30
5.1. Effects of Prototype on the YouTube watching Behavior 30
5.2. Self-Awareness 35
5.3. User Experience 36
VI. Discussion 44
6.1. Effectiveness of persuasion of behavior through data metaphorical expression method in YouTube 44
6.2. User Experiences Depending on Data Representation Methods 45
6.3. Reversible Visual Change for the Recovery Opportunity of Excessive Usage 47
6.4. Considering Multi Devices and Multi Platform 47
VII. Conclusion 49
References 50
Table 1. An overview of visual expression results 19
Table 2. Summary of the participants 25
Table 3. Summary of the quantitative data collected 27
Table 4. Summary of the criteria for behavioral level assessment. 28
Table 5. Summary of least square means measures. 31
Table 6. Summary of statistical differences showing pairwise comparisons among the three periods in... 31
Table 7. Summary of the elements that induce the gaze to the prototype and the elements that interfere... 37
Table 8. Summary of stress-causing factors and behaviors that users avoid stress. 39
Table 9. Summary of watching behavior patterns affected by prototypes reported by participants. 42
Table 10. Summary of the participants' suggestions. 43
Figure 1. Schematic view of the transtheoretical model (TTM) constructs. 14
Figure 2. The Fogg Behavior Model hs three factors: motivation, ability, and triggers. 15
Figure 3. Designer workshop by five design students 18
Figure 4. Results of second workshop 20
Figure 5. Evaluation of ideas from second workshop 21
Figure 6. Prototype visual objects by experiment type 21
Figure 7. Visual changes of each type 22
Figure 8. Image steps of metaphorical expression 22
Figure 9. Visuals are inserted into YouTube recommendation areas 23
Figure 10. Schematization of the prototype's technical structure 23
Figure 11. Overview of the experimental process 26
Figure 12. Summary of the YouTube watching rate measurement of participants, including linear trend... 30
Figure 13. YouTube watching time rate(%) as predicted by the mixed effect model for the simile(top)... 32
Figure 14. Schematized behavior level Change showing changes in behavior level of participants in each... 33
Figure 15. Summary of the Changes in Behavior Levels. 34
Figure 16. Summary of changes in prediction error in participants before and after intervention. 35
Figure 17. Summary of the distribution of frequency of information checking that participants in each... 36
Figure 18. Summary of the stress score evaluated by the user. 38
Figure 19. Summary of time intuitiveness of prototype as users evaluated. 40
Figure 20. Summary of influence of prototype as users evaluated. 41