Title Page
Abstract
Contents
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 10
1-1. Introduction 10
1-2. Scope 18
1-3. Methodology 20
1-3-1. Literature research method 20
1-3-2. Comparative analysis method 20
1-3-3. Historical research method 21
CHAPTER TWO THE DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT OF CROSS-BORDER PROTECTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL TRADE 22
2-1. Digital trade 22
2-1-1. Definition 22
2-1-2. Global practices on digital trade 24
2-2. Cross-border data flows 27
2-2-1. Definition 27
2-2-2. The benefit of cross-borderdata flows freely 30
2-2-3. The models of restrictions on cross-border data flowing 31
2-3. Personal information protection 33
2-3-1. Personal information 33
2-3-2. The problem of personal information protection rises with the development of digital trade 35
CHAPTER THREE THE INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION FOR PROTECTION FOR CROSS-BORDER DATA 38
3-1. Unilateral legislative measures for cross-border data protection 38
3-1-1. The unilateral legislative measures of U.S. 38
3-1-2. the unilateral measures for cross-border data transfer in Asia 40
3-2. Bilateral agreement---the dispute and cooperation between U.S. and EU 43
3-2-1. The U.S.-EU Safe Harbor Framework 44
3-2-2. The U.S.-EU Privacy Shield Agreement 46
3-3. Regional agreement 47
3-3-1. The regional agreement of European Union 48
3-3-2. APEC Privacy Framework 50
3-3-3. USMCA 52
3-3-4. OECD Privacy Guidelines 54
CHAPTER FOUR THE DAMAGE OF LOSS DUE TO THE TERMINATION OF PRIVACY SHIELD AGREEMENT 57
4-1. The Termination of Privacy Shield Agreement Creates Uncertainty for Cross-border Data Transfers Between Europe and the U.S. 57
4-1-1. Long cooperation in the area of digital trade of both area 57
4-1-2. Bring more uncertainties for U.S. digital companies 58
4-1-3. The influence on the digital industry 60
4-2. Uncertainty in the legal tools of the European-US data transfer-- Irish Data Protection Commissioner v. Facebook 61
4-3. The cross-border data flow between EU and U.S has not been completely blocked 63
4-4. Transatlantic Data Partnership Continues to Feature Collaboration 67
4-5. The contradiction between the protection of personal information and the free flow of cross-border data 69
4-5-1. Cross-border data flow raises data security risk concerns 69
4-5-2. Conflicting data cross-border regulatory measures adopted in different regions 71
4-5-3. Deficiencies in international legislative protection for cross-border transportation of personal data in the context of digital trade 72
CHAPTER FIVE SUGGESTIONS FOR THE PROMOTION OF CROSS-BORDER DATA TRANSFER IN THE BACKGROUND OF DIGITAL TRADE 75
5-1. The free flow of cross-border data should be promoted 75
5-2. Suggestions for establishing robust international cooperation mechanism 78
5-2-1. Cooperate to create a macro environment for establishing uniform regulation of cross-border data flows 79
5-2-2. Establish a global legislation specifically for the privacy and cross-border flows 81
5-2-3. Diversified approaches on the practice level 89
CONCLUSION 94
REFERENCES 99