Title Page
ABSTRACT
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
Contents
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 13
1.1. Introduction 13
1.2. Study Objectives and Scope 19
1.3. Methodology of research 20
CHAPTER TWO THE CONCEPT OF ASSET RECOVERY IN ANTI-CORRUPTION 22
2.1. Definition, philosophy and forms of asset recovery 22
2.1.1. Definition of corruption, proceeds of corruption and asset recovery 22
2.1.2. The philosophical foundation of asset recovery 29
2.2. General process of Asset Recovery 31
2.2.1. Pre-investigative phase: The Collection of Intelligence 31
2.2.2. Investigative phase: Collecting Evidence, Tracing and securing proceeds of crime 32
2.2.3. Judicial phase 34
2.3.4. Asset Disposal phase 35
2.3. Legal Avenues for Achieving Asset Recovery 37
2.3.1. Criminal Prosecution and Confiscation 37
2.3.2. Non-Conviction Based Confiscation 39
2.3.3. Private Civil Actions and Remedies 42
2.3.4. Actions Initiated by Foreign Jurisdictions 44
2.3.5. Administrative Confiscation 45
CHAPTER THREE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL BASIS OF ASSET RECOVERY IN ANTI-CORRUPTION IN VIET NAM 47
3.1. The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) 48
3.1.1. Overview of The UNCAC 48
3.1.2. Asset Recovery in the UNCAC 49
3.2. Other International Conventions and Treaties 55
3.2.1. United Nations Convention Against Ilicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic substances (1988) 55
3.2.2. The United Nations Convention on Transnational Organized Crime (2000) (Palarmo Convention) 57
3.2.3. The Financial Action Task Force 40 Recommendations (2012) 59
3.2.4. Other treaties and agreements related to asset recovery 62
3.3. Conclusion 65
CHAPTER FOUR NATIONAL LEGAL REGULATIONS AND PRACTICE OF ASSET RECOVERY IN ANTI-CORRUPTION IN VIET NAM 67
4.1. Legal regulations of asset recovery under Vietnamese Law 67
4.1.1. Overview of the legislative and institutional framework 67
4.1.2. Procedure of asset recovery 70
4.2. Asset recovery in practice in Viet Nam 88
4.2.1. The situation and typical cases of asset recovery 88
4.2.2. Legislative limitations in practice 96
4.3. Conclusion 106
CHAPTER FIVE LEGISLATION ON THE RECOVERY OF CORRUPT ASSETS IN OTHER COUNTRIES 108
5.1. The United States 108
5.1.1. Interim measures 108
5.1.2. The forfeiture system 109
5.1.3. International cooperation in asset recovery 114
5.2. Korea 120
5.2.1. Interim measures 120
5.2.2. Competent Agencies 121
5.2.3. Confiscation legal framework 122
5.2.4. Confiscation procedure 123
5.2.5. International cooperation in asset recovery 124
5.3. Singapore 128
5.3.1. Effective legal mechanisms 128
5.3.2. Independent enforcement agencies 131
5.3.3. Court punishment for corruption 133
5.3.4. International cooperation and mutual assistance 134
5.4. Conclusion 134
CHAPTER SIX RECOMMENDATION FOR STRENGTHENING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ASSET RECOVERY IN VIET NAM 136
6.1. Breakthrough solutions group 136
6.1.1. The criminalization of illicit enrichment 136
6.1.2. Building a mechanism to recover corrupt assets not based on the criminal conviction 137
6.1.3. Proposing to apply value-based confiscation 140
6.2. Perfecting the institution preventive measures to corrupt properties 141
6.2.1. Increasing control over assets and income of people with positions and powers 141
6.2.2. Applying effectively anti-money laundering measures 144
6.3. Amending and supplementing unreasonable provisions in important legal documents related to property recovery 145
6.3.1. Detection, investigation and prosecution of corruption 145
6.3.2. Court proceedings and law enforcement 148
6.4. Strengthening international cooperation in the recovery of corrupt assets 149
6.5. Conclusion 150
CHAPTER SEVEN CONCLUSION 152
7.1. The Phenomenon of corruption and asset recovery in anti-corruption 152
7.2. The concept of asset recovery 152
7.3. International legal basis of asset recovery in anti-corruption in Viet Nam 153
7.4. National legal regulations and practice of asset recovery in anti-corruption in Viet Nam 153
7.5. Legislation on the recovery of corrupt assets in other countries 154
7.6. Recommendations for strengthening the effectiveness of asset 154
REFERENCE 156