Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 12
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION 13
1.1. Research Background 13
1.2. Ecotourism Development in Indonesia (ROI) and South Korea (ROK) 20
1.3. Research Hypothesis 23
1.4. Research Objectives 23
Chapter 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 27
2.1. Nature-Based Recreation and Ecotourism 27
2.2. Sustainable Tourism 29
2.3. Community Based Tourism (CBT) 32
Chapter 3. MATERIAL AND METHODS 36
3.1. Materials 36
3.1.1. Target Area 36
3.1.2. General information of Village Community 40
3.2. Research Methodology 46
3.3. Validity and Reliability 52
Chapter 4. RESEARCH RESULT 53
4.1. Comparative study between Indonesia (ROI) and South Korea (ROK) 53
4.1.1. Indonesia Nature-Forest Resources 53
4.1.2. Comparative forest study between Indonesia-Korea. 57
4.2. Stakeholder's perception for Development Ecotourism Models 88
Chapter 5. DISCUSSION 117
Chapter 6. CONCLUSSIONS 131
REFERENCES 133
APPENDIX 1. LIST OF INTERVIEWS 137
요약 150
Table 1. Potential Impact of Tourism in a Community 32
Table 2. General information of villages surrounding area study in... 42
Table 3. General information of villages surrounding area study in BBNP. 45
Table 4. The extent of land covers types of forest area in Indonesia (2019) 55
Table 5. Status of National Land (2018-2019) 66
Table 6. Forest status and % of forest Area by ownership (2019) 67
Table 7. Status of forest land classification (2019) 69
Table 8. Indonesia's forest area and % of forest area by forest status (2019) 71
Table 9. Status of Forest Land Conversion 72
Table 10. Status of Lease Permission on National Forest 74
Table 11. Forest Area and Growing Stock by Province 78
Table 12. Forest Area and Growing Stock by Key Tree Species 80
Table 13. Population Projections (2017-2029) 81
Table 14. Number of Households and Population engaged in Forestry 82
Table 15. Forest Households by Type of Work 83
Table 16. Forest Households by Type of Economic Activity 83
Table 17. Population Status by Age in Mountain Village 83
Table 18. Establishment of Recreation Forests 86
Table 19. Number of visitors to Recreation Forests 86
Table 20. Income of visitors to Recreation Forests 86
Table 21. General Characteristic of Key person as respondents 91
Table 22. Line by line coding sample (Open Coding) 95
Table 23. Summary on Coding Processes 97
Table 24. Economic and Environmental Potency of Villages Surrounding Forests 123
Table 25. Brief Summary of Respondent's Results regards In-Depth Interview in Grounded Theory 127
Figure 1. Sustainable Tourism Development Model 30
Figure 2. Map of forest cover in Bali Island 36
Figure 3. Map of study area in the Buyan-Tamblingan Nature Recreation Park. 39
Figure 4. Map of study area in Bali Barat National Park. 40
Figure 5. Condition at study area in Buyan-Tamblingan Nature Recreation Park. 44
Figure 6. Sequences Analysis of Grounded Theory 48
Figure 7. Map of Indonesia's Provinces 53
Figure 8. Conducting field observation and collecting information 89
Figure 9. Conduct a respondent's Interview in study area in Indonesia 90