Title Page
Contents
I. Introduction 10
1. Research Background 10
2. Research Purpose 11
3. Background of Locations 12
4. Format of Thesis 14
II. Literature Review 15
1. Culture and Value 15
2. Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions and Power Distance 17
3. Power Distance and Obedience 20
4. Power Distance and Deference 21
5. Power Distance and Gender 22
6. Power Distance and Seniority 22
7. Power Distance and Decentralization 23
8. Power Distance and Regionalism 23
9. Authoritarian Attitudes and Power Distance 25
10. Korea and Confucian Culture 26
11. Criticisms of Hofstede 27
1) Surveys are not a suitable way of measuring cultural differences. (McSweeney, 2002) 27
2) Nations are not the best units for studying cultures. (Angouri, 2018) 28
3) A study of the subsidiaries of one company cannot provide information about entire national cultures. Banai (1982) Cray and Mallory (1998) 28
4) The IBM data are old and therefore obsolete. Barkema and Vermeuleu (1997) 28
5) Four or five dimensions are not enough. Schwartz (1992) 28
6) Modernization will make all cultures more similar. Inkeles (1981) 28
7) People's values change with age. (Shearing & Ericson, 1991). 29
8) Cultural Changes 29
III. Approach and Methods 32
1. Survey Approach 32
2. Hypothesis 33
3. Testing the Hypothesis 34
IV. Empirical Results 36
1. Introduction 36
2. Value Questions 37
1) Importance of a Respected Boss 39
2) Importance of Boss Communication 39
3) Voiced Disagreements with Boss 40
4) Multiple boss structure 40
3. Demographics 41
4. Power Distance Calculation 45
5. Power Distance in relation to Hometown Location 46
1) Korean Hometown 46
2) American Hometown 50
3) Power Distance Calculations 55
6. Value Questions mean scores in relation to Demographic variables 56
(1) Gender 56
(2) Age 59
(3) Education 62
(4) Department Duration 65
(5) Hometown Location 66
V. Conclusions 68
1. PDI Difference 68
2. Regionalism Differences 68
3. Demographic Analysis 69
4. Improvement for future studies 69
5. Policy Implications 70
6. Summary 71
Works Cited: 72
Appendices 80
Appendix I. English Language Survey 80
Appendix II. Korean Language Survey 82
Thesis Abstract: 84
논문초록: 85
〈Table 2-1〉 Key Differences Between Small- and Large-Power-Distance Societies II: The Workplace 19
〈Table 2-2〉 The Stabilizing of Culture Patterns 31
〈Table 4-1〉 Basic Comparisons of Los Alamos County and Jeju Province 36
〈Table 4-2〉 Value Questions between Jeju and Los Alamos Government Workers 37
〈Table 4-3〉 Value Questions between Jeju and Los Alamos Statistics 39
〈Table 4-4〉 Demographic Statistics between Jeju and Los Alamos 41
〈Table 4-5〉 Comparative list of Government Departments 43
〈Table 4-6〉 Power Distance of Jeju and Los Alamos Government Workers 45
〈Table 4-7〉 Power Distance of Korea and USA included in Mass Studies with current study 45
〈Table 4-8〉 Value Questions Results according to Korean Hometown 46
〈Table 4-9〉 Value Questions Results according to Korean Hometown (ctd.) 48
〈Table 4-10〉 Comparative Statistics according to Korean Hometown for Jeju workers 50
〈Table 4-11〉 Value Questions Results according to American Hometown 51
〈Table 4-12〉 Comparative Statistics according to American Hometown for Los Alamos workers 54
〈Table 4-13〉 Power Distance according to Regional location 55
〈Table 4-14〉 Comparative Statistics according to Gender (Female) 56
〈Table 4-15〉 Comparative Statistics according to Gender (Males) 56
〈Table 4-16〉 Comparative Statistics according to Gender (Within Country - Jeju) 57
〈Table 4-17〉 Comparative Statistics according to Gender (Within Country - Los Alamos) 58
〈Table 4-18〉 Comparative Statistics according to Age (39 & under) 59
〈Table 4-19〉 Comparative Statistics according to Age (40 & over) 60
〈Table 4-20〉 Comparative Statistics according to Age (Within Country - Jeju) 60
〈Table 4-21〉 Comparative Statistics according to Age (Within Country - Los Alamos) 61
〈Table 4-22〉 Comparative Statistics according to Education (Bachelors & under) 62
〈Table 4-23〉 Comparative Statistics according to Education (Masters & above) 63
〈Table 4-24〉 Comparative Statistics according to Education (Within Country - Jeju) 64
〈Table 4-25〉 Comparative Statistics according to Education (Within Country - Los Alamos) 64
〈Table 4-26〉 Comparative Statistics according to Workplace Duration (Over 7 years) 65
〈Table 4-27〉 Comparative Statistics according to Hometown (Locals) 66
〈Table 4-28〉 Comparative Statistics according to Hometown (Outsiders) 67