Title Page
Contents
ABSTRACT 10
I. Introduction 12
1. Background and Purpose of the Study 12
II. Theoretical Background 14
1. Social Construction of Reality by News 14
2. Framing 17
3. Pop Music 21
1) The Concept and History of Pop 21
2) Billboard Charts and the Mainstream Music Industry 25
4. K-Pop 31
1) The Concept of K-Pop and the Korean Wave 31
2) K-Pop in Global Markets 34
5. K-Pop and International Media 48
III. Research Methodology 58
1. Research Questions 58
2. Research Subject and Period 58
1) International Newspapers 58
2) Data Collection 60
3) Coding 65
4) Intercoder Reliability Verification 74
IV. Results 75
1. Tone 75
1) Overall Tone 75
2) Comparative Analysis of Tone 80
2. Five Deductive Frames 83
1) Overall Frame 83
2) Comparative Analysis of Five Deductive Frames 87
3. Entman's Frames 91
1) Definition of Situation 92
2) Cause 93
3) Moral Judgments 95
4) Solution 96
V. Conclusion 98
1. Summary and Implications 98
2. Limitations and Suggestions 102
References 104
ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 117
〈Table 1〉 Streaming and Sales of the U.S. Music Industry 28
〈Table 2〉 Development Stage of the Korean Wave 32
〈Table 3〉 A Stage of K-Wave in Japan 35
〈Table 4〉 K-Pop Groups in Oricon Total Sales Ranking 2018 37
〈Table 5〉 A List of K-Pop Tracks on Billboard Hot 100 38
〈Table 6〉 KCON in the U.S. 2012-2018 40
〈Table 7〉 A List of Previous Studies of International Media on the... 51
〈Table 8〉 A List of Frames from the Previous Studies of International... 56
〈Table 9〉 Major K-Pop Issues during January 2017 - April 2019 61
〈Table 10〉 Excluded Article Types and Examples 62
〈Table 11〉 Included Article Types and Examples 63
〈Table 12〉 Frame types and definition of K-Pop News Contents 66
〈Table 13〉 Overall Tone Differences of the International Media 75
〈Table 14〉 Examples of Tone 78
〈Table 15〉 Tone Differences between the International Media 82
〈Table 16〉 Overall Framing Differences of the International Media 83
〈Table 17〉 Examples of Five Deductive Frames 84
〈Table 18〉 Framing Differences between the International Media 90
〈Table 19〉 Problem Definition of K-Pop on the International Media 92
〈Table 20〉 Causal Interpretation of K-Pop on the International Media 93
〈Table 21〉 Moral Evaluation of K-Pop on the International Media 95
〈Table 22〉 Treatment Recommendation of K-Pop on the International... 96
[Figure 1] Entman's Frame Device 20
[Figure 2] Global Recorded Music Industry Revenues 2001-2018 30