Title Page
Abstract
Contents
I. Introduction 8
Purpose and Questions 8
II. Background 11
History of Flashcards 11
Spaced Repetition 11
CALL for L2 Vocabulary Study 13
Mobile Flashcard Apps 14
Flashcard Effectiveness 16
Features of Flashcards 18
Mobile Apps vs. Traditional Methods 22
Differences in Flashcard Apps? 26
Best App? 29
Increasing Learners' Use of a Mobile App 33
Conclusions of Research To-Date 34
III. Methods 36
Setting 36
Participants 38
Data Collection 39
Intervention Design 41
Study Time 44
Questionnaires 45
Focus Groups 45
IV. Results 48
Quantitative Results 48
Reported Data 53
Memrise Data 54
Qualitative Data 57
Summary of Results 61
V. Discussion 63
VI. Conclusion 66
Advantages and Disadvantages 66
Recommendations for Use 68
Recommendations for Further Research 71
References 74
Appendix 7
Appendix A. Comparison of Vocabulary Apps 81
Appendix B. Evaluation of Memrise App 85
Appendix C. Master Vocabulary List 88
Appendix D. Scores & Study Time 90
Appendix E. Questionnaires & Responses 92
Appendix F. Focus Group Responses 95
Appendix G. Memrise Data 100