Title Page

Abstract

Contents

Introduction 8

Literature Review 11

Background 11

The TOEIC 12

Efficacy of the TOEIC 14

Reliability 14

Validity 16

Washback 20

TOEIC Preparation 22

Strategies. 22

The results (thus far). 26

Methods 29

Research Paradigm 29

Participants and Setting 30

Potential Limitations with Participant Selection 32

Data Collection 33

Data Analysis Procedure 33

Results 34

First Hypothesis 34

Second Hypothesis 36

Discussion 40

Student Attitude 40

Stress / Fatigue 42

Teaching Strategies 45

Test Reliability 46

External reliability. 46

Internal reliability. 49

Future Implications 51

Conclusion 53

Appendices 55

Appendix A. (제목없음) 55

Appendix B. (제목없음) 57

References 59